The Infrastructure Is Automated. Why Are the Processes Around It Still Manual?

Article by Prasanna Rajendran, Vice President – EMEA, Kissflow

Across the Middle East, governments and enterprises are investing heavily in cloud infrastructure to support national digitization agendas, from Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia to the UAE’s push toward AI-driven government services. Gartner forecasts that IT spending across the Middle East and North Africa will reach $169 billion in 2026, an 8.9 percent increase over 2025, with software spending alone growing 13.9 percent.

Infrastructure as code (IaC) is the practice of defining and provisioning computing infrastructure, including servers, networks, databases, and load balancers, using machine-readable configuration files rather than manual processes or interactive consoles. Rather than logging into a console to click through setup wizards, teams describe their entire infrastructure in version-controlled code that can be reviewed, tested, and deployed like any other software artifact.

For CIOs and IT leaders, this matters because IaC has become the operational standard for any organization running workloads at scale. Grand View Research valued the global IaC market at $1.2 billion in 2025 and projects it to reach $6.1 billion by 2033, a compound annual growth rate of 22.3 percent. That trajectory reflects a clear shift: enterprises are moving from manual, ticket-driven infrastructure management to automated, code-driven provisioning.

What is infrastructure as code?

At its core, IaC means defining resources such as virtual machines, storage volumes, network configurations, security policies, and access controls in declarative or imperative code files. Those files become the authoritative record of what your infrastructure looks like at any moment.

IaC generally follows one of two approaches, depending on whether teams want to define an outcome or prescribe the route to it. Declarative IaC describes the desired end state: you specify what you want, such as three servers, a load balancer, and a database cluster, and the tool works out how to get there. Terraform, AWS CloudFormation, and Azure Bicep all use this method. Imperative IaC instead specifies the exact steps to reach an outcome. You write procedural instructions: create this server, then attach this disk, then configure this network. Ansible and Chef follow that model more closely.

The declarative approach dominates enterprise adoption today because it is easier to maintain and less error-prone. You describe the outcome rather than the procedure, which keeps the code readable even as infrastructure complexity grows.

What separates IaC from traditional infrastructure management is version control. Every change is tracked in Git, reviewed through pull requests, and deployed through automated pipelines. This is the mechanism Gartner points to when it describes IaC as the route to cloud governance and self-service at scale.

Why infrastructure as code matters for enterprise IT

Manual infrastructure management does not scale. When an operations team provisions servers through tickets and console clicks, every environment differs slightly, every deployment carries risk, and every audit turns painful. IaC removes these problems systematically.

Consistency and reproducibility

IaC guarantees that the development, staging, and production environments are consistent. Configuration drift, the slow divergence of environments over time, disappears because every deployment is generated from the same code. When an incident occurs, you can rebuild an environment from scratch in minutes.

Speed and agility

Organizations using IaC provision entire environments in minutes rather than weeks. When business conditions change, whether through a product launch, a capacity spike, or a compliance deadline, IaC lets you respond at the speed of code.

Security and compliance

With IaC, security policies are embedded directly in infrastructure templates. Guardrails apply automatically. Compliance checks run in the CI/CD pipeline before any change reaches production. Security stops being a gate at the end of the process and becomes part of how infrastructure gets built.

Cost efficiency

IaC gives you precise control over resource provisioning. Idle capacity gets identified and decommissioned through code rather than through quarterly manual audits. Cost discipline has grown into a standing function for this reason: 59 percent of the 759 organizations Flexera surveyed for its 2025 State of the Cloud Report now run a dedicated FinOps team, up from 51 percent the year before.

Key infrastructure as code tools for the enterprise

Several tools now anchor enterprise IaC strategy, each suited to a different environment. Terraform and its open-source fork, OpenTofu, remain the dominant choice for cross-cloud work, offering declarative provisioning across multiple clouds using HCL. Organizations standardized on a single cloud often turn to native alternatives instead: AWS CloudFormation for AWS-centric environments, using JSON or YAML, and Azure Bicep for Azure-native deployments. Ansible takes an imperative, YAML-based approach and excels at configuration management and application deployment rather than pure provisioning. Pulumi appeals to developer-led teams by letting them define declarative infrastructure in familiar languages such as Python, TypeScript, or Go.

Common challenges when adopting infrastructure as code

Adopting IaC is not without friction. The most immediate obstacle is usually a skills gap, because IaC asks infrastructure teams to work the way developers do, with version control, code reviews, and CI/CD pipelines. That shift is cultural as much as it is technical, and it requires deliberate investment in training.

State management adds complexity of its own. Declarative tools maintain state files that track current infrastructure, and multi-team environments need remote state backends, locking, and workspace isolation from day one to avoid conflicts.

Legacy system integration is another common obstacle, since not everything can be expressed in code immediately. Most organizations start with new cloud workloads and progressively extend IaC to existing systems through API wrappers.

Governance and drift detection require ongoing discipline. IaC only delivers its full value once it becomes the sole path for infrastructure changes, which makes continuous drift detection and sustained cultural enforcement critical rather than optional.

Where workflow automation fits in an IaC-driven enterprise

Infrastructure as code solves the provisioning problem. Enterprise IT complexity does not stop there. The layer above IaC, covering the processes, approvals, and operational logic that run on top of provisioned infrastructure, is where most organizations still depend on fragmented tools, manual handoffs, and spreadsheet-based tracking. That gap is especially visible across the Middle East, where cloud adoption and ambitious national targets often outpace the operational processes needed to govern them.

Regulatory pressure widens the gap further. Gartner forecasts worldwide sovereign cloud IaaS spending at $80 billion in 2026, a 35.6 percent rise over 2025, with governments as the main buyers. Provisioning infrastructure inside a national boundary is one requirement. Proving that every approval, exception, and access grant on that infrastructure followed a governed path is another, and code alone does not answer it.

This is where workflow automation platforms operate as a digital backbone for enterprise operations. IaC automates the infrastructure layer. A no-code or low-code workflow platform automates the process layer: IT service requests, change management approvals, vendor onboarding, compliance workflows, and the hundreds of cross-functional processes that connect people, systems, and decisions across the enterprise.

For IT leaders across the region pursuing IaC adoption, particularly those operating under strict data residency and regulatory requirements, this kind of platform complements the strategy by giving business teams a way to build and manage operational workflows without adding to the IT backlog. IaC handles your infrastructure. Workflow automation handles everything that runs on it.

See how Kissflow governs the change approvals, access requests, and compliance workflows that sit on top of your cloud infrastructure in a 30-minute demo.