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The Infrastructure Is Automated. Why Are the Processes Around It Still Manual?

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Article by Prasanna Rajendran, Vice President – EMEA, Kissflow

Across the Middle East, governments and enterprises are investing heavily in cloud infrastructure to support national digitization agendas, from Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia to the UAE’s push toward AI-driven government services. Gartner forecasts that IT spending across the Middle East and North Africa will reach $169 billion in 2026, an 8.9 percent increase over 2025, with software spending alone growing 13.9 percent.

Infrastructure as code (IaC) is the practice of defining and provisioning computing infrastructure, including servers, networks, databases, and load balancers, using machine-readable configuration files rather than manual processes or interactive consoles. Rather than logging into a console to click through setup wizards, teams describe their entire infrastructure in version-controlled code that can be reviewed, tested, and deployed like any other software artifact.

For CIOs and IT leaders, this matters because IaC has become the operational standard for any organization running workloads at scale. Grand View Research valued the global IaC market at $1.2 billion in 2025 and projects it to reach $6.1 billion by 2033, a compound annual growth rate of 22.3 percent. That trajectory reflects a clear shift: enterprises are moving from manual, ticket-driven infrastructure management to automated, code-driven provisioning.

What is infrastructure as code?

At its core, IaC means defining resources such as virtual machines, storage volumes, network configurations, security policies, and access controls in declarative or imperative code files. Those files become the authoritative record of what your infrastructure looks like at any moment.

IaC generally follows one of two approaches, depending on whether teams want to define an outcome or prescribe the route to it. Declarative IaC describes the desired end state: you specify what you want, such as three servers, a load balancer, and a database cluster, and the tool works out how to get there. Terraform, AWS CloudFormation, and Azure Bicep all use this method. Imperative IaC instead specifies the exact steps to reach an outcome. You write procedural instructions: create this server, then attach this disk, then configure this network. Ansible and Chef follow that model more closely.

The declarative approach dominates enterprise adoption today because it is easier to maintain and less error-prone. You describe the outcome rather than the procedure, which keeps the code readable even as infrastructure complexity grows.

What separates IaC from traditional infrastructure management is version control. Every change is tracked in Git, reviewed through pull requests, and deployed through automated pipelines. This is the mechanism Gartner points to when it describes IaC as the route to cloud governance and self-service at scale.

Why infrastructure as code matters for enterprise IT

Manual infrastructure management does not scale. When an operations team provisions servers through tickets and console clicks, every environment differs slightly, every deployment carries risk, and every audit turns painful. IaC removes these problems systematically.

Consistency and reproducibility

IaC guarantees that the development, staging, and production environments are consistent. Configuration drift, the slow divergence of environments over time, disappears because every deployment is generated from the same code. When an incident occurs, you can rebuild an environment from scratch in minutes.

Speed and agility

Organizations using IaC provision entire environments in minutes rather than weeks. When business conditions change, whether through a product launch, a capacity spike, or a compliance deadline, IaC lets you respond at the speed of code.

Security and compliance

With IaC, security policies are embedded directly in infrastructure templates. Guardrails apply automatically. Compliance checks run in the CI/CD pipeline before any change reaches production. Security stops being a gate at the end of the process and becomes part of how infrastructure gets built.

Cost efficiency

IaC gives you precise control over resource provisioning. Idle capacity gets identified and decommissioned through code rather than through quarterly manual audits. Cost discipline has grown into a standing function for this reason: 59 percent of the 759 organizations Flexera surveyed for its 2025 State of the Cloud Report now run a dedicated FinOps team, up from 51 percent the year before.

Key infrastructure as code tools for the enterprise

Several tools now anchor enterprise IaC strategy, each suited to a different environment. Terraform and its open-source fork, OpenTofu, remain the dominant choice for cross-cloud work, offering declarative provisioning across multiple clouds using HCL. Organizations standardized on a single cloud often turn to native alternatives instead: AWS CloudFormation for AWS-centric environments, using JSON or YAML, and Azure Bicep for Azure-native deployments. Ansible takes an imperative, YAML-based approach and excels at configuration management and application deployment rather than pure provisioning. Pulumi appeals to developer-led teams by letting them define declarative infrastructure in familiar languages such as Python, TypeScript, or Go.

Common challenges when adopting infrastructure as code

Adopting IaC is not without friction. The most immediate obstacle is usually a skills gap, because IaC asks infrastructure teams to work the way developers do, with version control, code reviews, and CI/CD pipelines. That shift is cultural as much as it is technical, and it requires deliberate investment in training.

State management adds complexity of its own. Declarative tools maintain state files that track current infrastructure, and multi-team environments need remote state backends, locking, and workspace isolation from day one to avoid conflicts.

Legacy system integration is another common obstacle, since not everything can be expressed in code immediately. Most organizations start with new cloud workloads and progressively extend IaC to existing systems through API wrappers.

Governance and drift detection require ongoing discipline. IaC only delivers its full value once it becomes the sole path for infrastructure changes, which makes continuous drift detection and sustained cultural enforcement critical rather than optional.

Where workflow automation fits in an IaC-driven enterprise

Infrastructure as code solves the provisioning problem. Enterprise IT complexity does not stop there. The layer above IaC, covering the processes, approvals, and operational logic that run on top of provisioned infrastructure, is where most organizations still depend on fragmented tools, manual handoffs, and spreadsheet-based tracking. That gap is especially visible across the Middle East, where cloud adoption and ambitious national targets often outpace the operational processes needed to govern them.

Regulatory pressure widens the gap further. Gartner forecasts worldwide sovereign cloud IaaS spending at $80 billion in 2026, a 35.6 percent rise over 2025, with governments as the main buyers. Provisioning infrastructure inside a national boundary is one requirement. Proving that every approval, exception, and access grant on that infrastructure followed a governed path is another, and code alone does not answer it.

This is where workflow automation platforms operate as a digital backbone for enterprise operations. IaC automates the infrastructure layer. A no-code or low-code workflow platform automates the process layer: IT service requests, change management approvals, vendor onboarding, compliance workflows, and the hundreds of cross-functional processes that connect people, systems, and decisions across the enterprise.

For IT leaders across the region pursuing IaC adoption, particularly those operating under strict data residency and regulatory requirements, this kind of platform complements the strategy by giving business teams a way to build and manage operational workflows without adding to the IT backlog. IaC handles your infrastructure. Workflow automation handles everything that runs on it.

See how Kissflow governs the change approvals, access requests, and compliance workflows that sit on top of your cloud infrastructure in a 30-minute demo.

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Tech Features

Role of Digital Citizenship in Countering Misinformation and Protecting Social Cohesion in UAE

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Dr. Soumaya Abdellatif, Head of Sociology Department, Associate Professor, College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University

The greatest challenge of our time is not merely that people believe false information. It is that the very boundary between truth and opinion, fact and emotion, credibility and visibility, has become increasingly vague.

This shift signals a transformation in symbolic authority itself. Trust has not simply declined – it has been displaced. Traditional institutions no longer monopolize credibility, while digital platforms have multiplied voices without necessarily strengthening legitimacy.

In societies such as the UAE – built on coexistence, institutional trust, and the delicate management of cultural diversity, this challenge carries particular strategic weight. This is where digital citizenship ceases to be an educational slogan and becomes a matter of national importance.

Beyond Media Literacy

At its core, digital citizenship is a contemporary form of civic responsibility. It deals with how individuals participate in the digital public sphere, how they interpret information, and how they contribute – consciously or unconsciously, to the production of collective trust.

(1)As Manuel Castells once stated, power in network societies increasingly operates through control over communication flows. The question is no longer simply who speaks, but whose voice becomes visible, amplified, and believed.

Trust as Social Infrastructure

In the UAE, misinformation is not merely a media concern – it is also a matter of social architecture. The country’s model of stability rests on institutional credibility, intercultural coexistence, and high levels of public trust.

This explains why the UAE has invested heavily, not only in digital transformation, but also in institutional clarity and communication governance. (2) Federal Decree-Law No. 34 of 2021 on combating rumours and cybercrime reflects an important principle: digital stability is inseparable from social stability. The objective is not merely punitive regulation, but the protection of public confidence itself.

Youth, Families and the Transformation of Authority

Young people are not passive consumers of information; they are producers of narratives, identity, legitimacy, and influence. They shape public conversations long before institutions respond to them.

In previous generations, legitimacy flowed vertically: from institutions, schools, family structures, and recognised expertise. Today, authority is increasingly negotiated horizontally- through peers, influencers, networks, and algorithmic visibility.

In addition, families act as the first school of civic trust. Long before formal media literacy programs, individuals learn how to relate to truth, disagreement, and legitimacy inside the home.

Why Social Sciences Matter

The response to misinformation cannot be reduced to fact-checking mechanisms or technical media literacy alone. What is required is a deeper intellectual infrastructure – one that social sciences are uniquely positioned to provide.

Sociology, communication studies, political science, and anthropology do not merely teach individuals how to verify information; they teach them how power operates, how legitimacy is constructed, how public opinion is shaped, and how collective trust is sustained or eroded.

A National Priority

The UAE has positioned itself as a global leader in artificial intelligence, digital governance, and future-oriented policy. This ambition is both necessary and admirable.

In this scenario, digital citizenship is not a secondary educational concern. It is part of national security, social sustainability, and the long-term legitimacy of institutions.

The UAE is not only managing digital transformation; it is helping to define what responsible digital modernity should look like.

Because in the end, the future of social cohesion will not be decided by technology itself, but by who is trusted to interpret reality in the digital age.

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Spotlight

Clarity Before Compute: Why AI Strategy Must Come Before Infrastructure

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Enterprise AI has entered a new phase. The conversation is no longer centred on whether organisations should invest in artificial intelligence, but on how they can transform that investment into measurable business value.

By: Mohammed Hilili – General Manager, Lenovo Gulf

Across the GCC, enterprises are moving beyond experimentation. Pilot projects are giving way to enterprise-wide deployments as organisations seek to integrate AI into customer experiences, business operations, software development, cybersecurity and decision-making. Yet despite growing investment, many AI initiatives continue to struggle to deliver the outcomes leadership teams expect.

In my experience, the reason is rarely the technology itself. More often, organisations begin with the wrong conversation.

Too many AI discussions start with infrastructure specifications, GPU availability or the latest foundation models. These are undoubtedly important decisions, but they are not the first ones organisations should make.

The first question is much simpler.

What business problem are we trying to solve?

Without a clear answer, AI initiatives often remain isolated demonstrations of technical capability rather than platforms capable of delivering sustainable business value.

From AI Pilots to Enterprise Platforms

Across industries, organisations have spent the past two years experimenting with generative AI. Many have successfully launched departmental pilots that demonstrate what AI can achieve within a controlled environment. The greater challenge now lies in scaling those experiments across the enterprise.

That transition requires far more than additional computing power. It demands clear governance, high-quality data, well-defined business objectives and an architecture capable of supporting continuous growth. Successful AI adoption is increasingly becoming an organisational transformation exercise rather than simply another technology deployment.

Business Strategy Before Infrastructure

I recently worked with a leading regional financial institution looking to strengthen its research and development capabilities through AI. The ambition was clear, but many practical questions remained unanswered.

How much computing capacity would the organisation require? Which GPU architecture would support both current and future workloads? How could the environment remain scalable as AI adoption expanded across the business?

These may appear to be technology questions. In reality, they are strategic business decisions with long-term operational consequences.

Instead of beginning with hardware selection, we started by understanding the organisation’s objectives. Together with the leadership team, we assessed AI readiness, identified priority business outcomes and defined what success would look like before discussing infrastructure.

Only after establishing that foundation did we determine the appropriate compute resources, architectural approach and deployment model required to support long-term growth.

The result was not simply a successful implementation but an AI platform capable of evolving alongside the organisation’s ambitions.

AI Readiness Extends Beyond Technology

Many organisations still view AI readiness primarily through the lens of infrastructure. In reality, readiness begins much earlier.

Leadership alignment, data quality, governance frameworks, cybersecurity, skills development and measurable business outcomes all influence whether an AI initiative succeeds or stalls. Infrastructure remains essential, but it should support strategy rather than define it.

The organisations achieving the strongest results are those treating AI as a long-term business capability rather than a series of disconnected technology projects.

Building for a Hybrid AI Future

Enterprise AI environments are also becoming increasingly hybrid. Certain workloads will remain on-premises to address latency, compliance or data sovereignty requirements, while others will leverage the scalability of public cloud environments.

This makes architectural flexibility increasingly important. Organisations need infrastructure strategies capable of supporting multiple deployment models while allowing AI workloads to evolve alongside changing business priorities.

Selecting technology is therefore no longer simply about purchasing hardware. It is about building an adaptable foundation capable of supporting continuous innovation over many years.

The GCC Opportunity

The GCC is uniquely positioned to accelerate enterprise AI adoption. Governments across the region continue investing heavily in digital transformation, sovereign AI capabilities and next-generation cloud infrastructure while strengthening regulatory frameworks around data governance and cybersecurity.

These investments provide organisations with an increasingly mature environment in which to deploy AI at scale. However, long-term success will depend less on access to technology than on the ability to align AI investments with clear operational priorities and measurable business outcomes.

As AI becomes embedded within core enterprise operations, leadership decisions made today will determine competitive advantage for years to come.

Why Clarity Still Comes Before Compute

Technology will continue evolving at remarkable speed. New AI models, specialised processors and deployment approaches will continue reshaping the enterprise landscape.

What will remain constant is the importance of making the right decisions before investing.

At Lenovo, this philosophy shapes how we work with customers. We believe AI is not simply a product to deploy, but an organisational capability that develops over time. By combining advisory expertise with infrastructure, lifecycle services and long-term planning, organisations can reduce uncertainty, optimise investment and build AI platforms that continue creating value as business needs evolve.

The organisations that lead in the AI era will not necessarily be those with the largest AI budgets or the most powerful infrastructure. They will be those that begin with business clarity, build the right foundations and scale with purpose.

Because in enterprise AI, infrastructure enables transformation—but clarity makes it possible.

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Tech Features

Why UAE organisations cannot afford to get their AI storage strategy wrong

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BY: Owais Mohammed, Regional Lead & Sales Director at WD for the Middle East, Africa, Turkey, and the Indian Subcontinent

The UAE’s ambition to become a global AI powerhouse is well established. Government investment is flowing, infrastructure is scaling, and organisations across every sector are accelerating their AI programs. But beneath the strategic announcements and the technology deployments, a fundamental question goes unanswered: is the data storage infrastructure underpinning all this built for what comes next?

For many organisations, the honest answer is: not yet. Storage is rarely the first conversation in an AI strategy discussion. It tends to be treated as a commodity decision made late in the planning cycle, long after the headline architecture choices like GPUs/CPUs have been made. That approach made sense in simpler times, but not in today’s data-driven AI economy.

The scale of what is coming

To understand why, organisations need to understand the sheer data volume that is coming their way. Global data creation is forecast to rise to 718.5 Zettabytes (ZB) through 2030 (IDC source: Market Forecast: IDC Global DataSphere Forecast, 2026-2030, June 2026, Doc #US53425426), more than tripling in five years.

AI is both a driver and a consumer of this growth. Every model trained, every inference run, every data pipeline operating continuously across a distributed architecture is generating and demanding access to data at a scale that earlier generations of infrastructure were not designed to support.

Businesses that will absorb this growth successfully are not those with the fastest individual components. They are those with architectures designed to handle volume, variety, and velocity simultaneously, at a cost that remains economically sustainable as scale increases. That is the storage strategy challenge that needs to be addressed upfront and not as an afterthought.

Why a single technology cannot solve it

A common mistake is to frame the storage decision as a technology choice: SSDs versus HDDs, flash versus spinning disk, performance versus capacity. The world’s most sophisticated storage operators, including hyperscalers and major cloud service providers, have already moved past this framing. They do not choose one technology. They deploy multiple of them, in a tiered architecture that places data on the medium best suited to its requirements.

The logic is straightforward. SSDs deliver the high IOPS and low latency that real-time, performance-critical applications demand. HDDs provide the massive capacity and cost efficiency required for the vast middle tier of active and warm data, and currently continue to represent approximately 63% of worldwide installed storage capacity through 2030. Tape generally handles archival, regulatory, and compliance workloads where retrieval times of hours or days are acceptable, representing just under 8% of worldwide installed cloud storage capacity in 2025.

These are not competing technologies. They are complementary ones, each serving a distinct purpose within a coherent architecture. The question is how each is deployed where it delivers the greatest value.

Making tiered architectures work in practice

Knowing that tiered storage is the right model and implementing it effectively are two different things. At the scale hyperscalers operate, where storage volumes are measured in hundreds of exabytes, manual allocation of data across tiers is neither practical nor efficient.  Nor can all data live on cost prohibitive flash. The mechanism that makes tiered architecture manageable is software-defined storage (SDS), which pools resources centrally and provisions capacity dynamically based on demand. Rather than pre-allocating fixed capacity to individual applications, SDS responds to where data needs to be, improving overall utilisation and reducing waste.

Together, tiered architecture and SDS provide the flexibility and economic efficiency that hyperscale environments depend on. But this model is not the exclusive preserve of the world’s largest operators. For emerging infrastructure providers, including Neoclouds that are expanding rapidly across the region, the same principles apply. Architecture decisions made today will determine whether future growth is economically sustainable or structurally constrained. The window to get this right is earlier than many organisations assume.

Innovation at the storage level

Architectural thinking also changes how storage technology itself must evolve. An organisation that understands its workloads, plans for data growth, and builds tiered infrastructure will eventually reach the limits of what current storage innovations can deliver. That is why, manufacturers like WD are approaching HDDs not only as a mature, reliable product but as a technology with significant headroom remaining to help increase capacity, lower power and cost effectively scale AI data. They are advancing recording technologies, exploring novel materials, and embedding intelligence at the drive level. The aim is not incremental improvement. It is expanding the boundary of what high-capacity storage can deliver for the architectures customers are building today and the workloads they will run tomorrow.

The leadership dimension

The organisations that navigate the AI era most effectively will not be those that simply procure the latest hardware. It will be those that understand the architectural decisions that determine long-term performance, cost and scale, ask better questions earlier in the planning process, and treat storage infrastructure strategy as a source of competitive advantage rather than a procurement exercise.

Storage sits at the foundation of every AI workload, every data pipeline, and every digital service an organisation delivers. Getting the architecture right is not a technical detail. It is a leadership decision. And in a market moving as quickly as the UAE’s, it is one that deserves to be made with the same rigour and strategic intent as any other.

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