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The Evolution of Data Centre Technologies: From Hardware to Software-Defined Infrastructure

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data centres

Kayvan Karim, Assistant Professor at Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Dubai

In recent years, the landscape of data centre technologies has significantly transformed, shifting from the traditional hardware-based infrastructure to more flexible and efficient software-defined solutions. This change, driven by the increasing demand for scalable, agile, and cost-efficient computing resources in a rapidly digitised world, has brought numerous benefits. In this op-ed, Kayvan Karim delves into the journey of hardware-centric data centres. He explains how virtualisation, containerisation, and cloud computing have revolutionised data centre design, scalability, and efficacy.

Traditional Data Centres: The Era of Hardware Infrastructure

In the not-so-distant past, data centres were synonymous with massive physical servers, storage, and networking equipment housed in dedicated facilities. Once the gold standard, these environments were burdened with high capital costs, limited scalability, and resource inefficiencies. The exponential growth in data volume and the increasing complexity of business applications have made these traditional architectures obsolete. This stark reality underscores the need to embrace more modern, software-defined solutions.

The Rise of Software-Defined Data Centres (SDDCs)

To address the issues of hardware-centric data centres, the concept of software-defined infrastructure emerged as a game-changer. Software-defined data centres (SDDCs) are a paradigm shift. They decouple the management and control of data centre resources from the underlying hardware, enabling administrators to programmatically provision, manage, and orchestrate assets. This shift toward software-defined solutions has revolutionised how data centres are designed, deployed, and operated, offering unprecedented agility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. These transformative benefits of SDDCs paint a promising picture for the future of data centre technologies. According to Precedence Research, the global software-defined data centre market size is expected to hit around USD 350.53 billion by 2032, poised to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 22.9% from 2023 to 2032.

Virtualisation: Empowering Data Centre Efficiency

Virtualisation, a key component of contemporary data centre technologies, has proven worth it. Allowing several virtual instances to run on one physical server significantly improves resource utilisation. This abstraction from underlying hardware systems regarding computer storage and networking capabilities provides greater flexibility and makes workload management easier. As per VMware estimates, virtualisation can reduce hardware and operational costs by up to 70%. This is a testament to its effectiveness and the reassurance it brings about the future of data centre technologies. Additionally, a survey conducted by Citrix revealed that 74% of companies experienced reduced IT expenditure due to virtualisation. This underscores the importance of virtualisation in enhancing data centre efficiency.

Containerisation: Driving Portability and Scalability

Containers have become popular for packaging applications in lightweight, portable environments. Unlike virtual machines, containers are based on the host operating system kernel; thus, they are resource-efficient and faster to deploy. Docker and Kubernetes containerisation technologies, among others, have been widely adopted, allowing organisations to build, deploy and scale applications with unprecedented speed and flexibility. According to Mordor Intelligence, the containerised data centre market size is expected to grow at a CAGR of 18.49% to reach USD 33.77 billion by 2029. This depicts a fast-growing trend of containers being used by many companies, where enterprises use software-defined solutions that could efficiently be utilised to streamline the management or deployment of such containers.

Cloud Computing: The Future of Data Centre Infrastructure

Cloud computing has fundamentally changed how organisations consume and deliver IT services by offering on-demand access to different computing resources over the internet, which can be used anytime needed. Public-private hybrid cloud deployments have also become increasingly common, enabling businesses to leverage upon scalability, flexibility, and cost advantages cloud technologies provide. According to Mordor Intelligence, the cloud computing market is expected to reach USD 1.44 trillion by 2029, growing at a CAGR of 16.40% during the forecast period (2024-2029). This shows that most firms are accelerating their adoption of clouds to enjoy benefits like agility scaling capabilities and cost savings from moving workloads into these platforms.

Embracing the Future of Data Centre Technologies

The transition from traditional hardware infrastructures to software-defined solutions in data centres signifies a complete change in how computing resources are allocated, administered, and optimised. Technologies such as virtualisation, containerisation, and cloud computing have made this shift possible, enabling organisations to construct adaptable and efficient data centre infrastructure. The future is likely characterised by software-defined data centres that bring with them new prospects for innovation, growth, and competitiveness in the digital age.

The evolution of data centre technologies holds an incredible prospect for businesses that want higher levels of efficiency, flexibility, and scalability within an increasingly analytic society. By taking advantage of recent developments in virtualisation, containerisation or cloud computing technology, corporations can prepare their data centre infrastructure for success in the digital age while making it more resilient at a relatively lower cost.

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Tech Features

Why UAE organisations cannot afford to get their AI storage strategy wrong

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BY: Owais Mohammed, Regional Lead & Sales Director at WD for the Middle East, Africa, Turkey, and the Indian Subcontinent

The UAE’s ambition to become a global AI powerhouse is well established. Government investment is flowing, infrastructure is scaling, and organisations across every sector are accelerating their AI programs. But beneath the strategic announcements and the technology deployments, a fundamental question goes unanswered: is the data storage infrastructure underpinning all this built for what comes next?

For many organisations, the honest answer is: not yet. Storage is rarely the first conversation in an AI strategy discussion. It tends to be treated as a commodity decision made late in the planning cycle, long after the headline architecture choices like GPUs/CPUs have been made. That approach made sense in simpler times, but not in today’s data-driven AI economy.

The scale of what is coming

To understand why, organisations need to understand the sheer data volume that is coming their way. Global data creation is forecast to rise to 718.5 Zettabytes (ZB) through 2030 (IDC source: Market Forecast: IDC Global DataSphere Forecast, 2026-2030, June 2026, Doc #US53425426), more than tripling in five years.

AI is both a driver and a consumer of this growth. Every model trained, every inference run, every data pipeline operating continuously across a distributed architecture is generating and demanding access to data at a scale that earlier generations of infrastructure were not designed to support.

Businesses that will absorb this growth successfully are not those with the fastest individual components. They are those with architectures designed to handle volume, variety, and velocity simultaneously, at a cost that remains economically sustainable as scale increases. That is the storage strategy challenge that needs to be addressed upfront and not as an afterthought.

Why a single technology cannot solve it

A common mistake is to frame the storage decision as a technology choice: SSDs versus HDDs, flash versus spinning disk, performance versus capacity. The world’s most sophisticated storage operators, including hyperscalers and major cloud service providers, have already moved past this framing. They do not choose one technology. They deploy multiple of them, in a tiered architecture that places data on the medium best suited to its requirements.

The logic is straightforward. SSDs deliver the high IOPS and low latency that real-time, performance-critical applications demand. HDDs provide the massive capacity and cost efficiency required for the vast middle tier of active and warm data, and currently continue to represent approximately 63% of worldwide installed storage capacity through 2030. Tape generally handles archival, regulatory, and compliance workloads where retrieval times of hours or days are acceptable, representing just under 8% of worldwide installed cloud storage capacity in 2025.

These are not competing technologies. They are complementary ones, each serving a distinct purpose within a coherent architecture. The question is how each is deployed where it delivers the greatest value.

Making tiered architectures work in practice

Knowing that tiered storage is the right model and implementing it effectively are two different things. At the scale hyperscalers operate, where storage volumes are measured in hundreds of exabytes, manual allocation of data across tiers is neither practical nor efficient.  Nor can all data live on cost prohibitive flash. The mechanism that makes tiered architecture manageable is software-defined storage (SDS), which pools resources centrally and provisions capacity dynamically based on demand. Rather than pre-allocating fixed capacity to individual applications, SDS responds to where data needs to be, improving overall utilisation and reducing waste.

Together, tiered architecture and SDS provide the flexibility and economic efficiency that hyperscale environments depend on. But this model is not the exclusive preserve of the world’s largest operators. For emerging infrastructure providers, including Neoclouds that are expanding rapidly across the region, the same principles apply. Architecture decisions made today will determine whether future growth is economically sustainable or structurally constrained. The window to get this right is earlier than many organisations assume.

Innovation at the storage level

Architectural thinking also changes how storage technology itself must evolve. An organisation that understands its workloads, plans for data growth, and builds tiered infrastructure will eventually reach the limits of what current storage innovations can deliver. That is why, manufacturers like WD are approaching HDDs not only as a mature, reliable product but as a technology with significant headroom remaining to help increase capacity, lower power and cost effectively scale AI data. They are advancing recording technologies, exploring novel materials, and embedding intelligence at the drive level. The aim is not incremental improvement. It is expanding the boundary of what high-capacity storage can deliver for the architectures customers are building today and the workloads they will run tomorrow.

The leadership dimension

The organisations that navigate the AI era most effectively will not be those that simply procure the latest hardware. It will be those that understand the architectural decisions that determine long-term performance, cost and scale, ask better questions earlier in the planning process, and treat storage infrastructure strategy as a source of competitive advantage rather than a procurement exercise.

Storage sits at the foundation of every AI workload, every data pipeline, and every digital service an organisation delivers. Getting the architecture right is not a technical detail. It is a leadership decision. And in a market moving as quickly as the UAE’s, it is one that deserves to be made with the same rigour and strategic intent as any other.

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Tech Features

Beyond a Seat at the Table: How Emirati Women Are Leading the UAE’s Next Chapter

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Every year, Emirati Women’s Day offers a moment to pause and reflect on just how far Emirati women have come, and how much further their ambitions are taking them. Across artificial intelligence and technology, entrepreneurship, sustainability, industry and beyond, Emirati women are no longer simply entering these spaces, they are shaping them, leading critical decisions and setting new benchmarks for what is possible.

This progress has not happened by chance. It is the result of a national vision that has consistently placed women’s empowerment at the heart of the UAE’s development, widely regarded as the driving force behind the advancement of Emirati women. Together, these efforts have built an ecosystem of mentorship, opportunity and structural support that allows Emirati women to move beyond simply having a seat at the table to actively influencing the direction of entire industries.

This Emirati Women’s Day, we spoke to three Emirati women who are doing exactly that, each carving out space in fields as varied as AI infrastructure, entrepreneurship and industrial sustainability. Their stories reflect not only how far the journey has come, but also a shared sense of responsibility: to keep the doors open, and to inspire the next generation of Emirati women to walk through them with confidence.

Amal Almaamari, Program Director at Core42, (a G42 Company)

The UAE has created an environment where women are encouraged to pursue ambitious careers, take on meaningful responsibilities and contribute to sectors that are shaping the country’s future. As an Emirati woman working in AI, I see this opportunity firsthand. At Core42, I am able to contribute to the infrastructure and capabilities helping organizations adopt AI securely, at scale and with greater control over their data and technology.

What is particularly inspiring is seeing Emirati women increasingly take on roles across engineering, product development, strategy and leadership. The opportunities available today allow us not only to participate in the technology sector, but to build expertise, influence decisions and contribute to the UAE’s ambitions in AI and advanced technology.

Emirati Women’s Day is a celebration of that progress and the confidence the UAE continues to place in its women. It also reminds us of our responsibility to build on these opportunities and inspire the next generation of Emirati women to see technology as a field where they can grow, lead and make a lasting impact.

Amreen Iqbal, Founder and Creative Director of Piece of You

What stands out to me about building a business here is how much the UAE actively invests in women being part of its growth story. From mentorship networks to platforms that put Emirati entrepreneurs in front of the right audiences, the opportunities aren’t hypothetical, they’re structural. Piece of You exists because I had the confidence and support to take an idea and turn it into something real. On Emirati Women’s Day, I think about how many doors have opened for women in my generation that weren’t open before, and how many more are opening for the next one.

Hamda Al Shamsi, Admin Assistant at Geocycle Waste Recycling UAE at Holcim UAE

The UAE has created an environment where women are empowered to pursue their ambitions, develop their skills, and contribute meaningfully across every sector. Today, Emirati women are building careers in fields ranging from technology and engineering to sustainability, manufacturing, energy, and leadership.

As an Emirati woman and the only woman currently working at Geocycle UAE, I have personally experienced the importance of having the opportunity to step into a technical and industrial field and prove that there is a place for women in every sector.

For me, Emirati Women’s Day is a celebration of how far we have come, but also a reminder of the opportunities ahead. The support and vision of the UAE leadership, together with the efforts of Her Highness Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak, have helped create a generation of Emirati women who are confident to pursue their goals and make a difference. I believe the next step is to continue encouraging young Emirati women to explore fields they may not traditionally consider. When women are given the opportunity to learn, lead, and contribute, they do not only build successful careers — they help build a stronger and more sustainable future for the UAE.

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Tech Features

How to Make Data Work for Agentic AI in the GCC

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By Tejas Mehta, Senior Vice President & General Manager, Middle East & Africa at Qlik

Tejas Mehta

For decades, organizations have worked to use data to make better decisions and drive better outcomes. Data has become the lifeblood of business, and AI now has the power to unlock it in new ways. With AI adoption across GCC organizations surging from 62% in 2023 to 84% in 2025, the paradigm is shifting from dashboards and visual interfaces to AI-driven experiences.

But too much data is still stuck in silos, incomplete, and inaccurate. Many analytics workflows remain manual, which slows time to value, limits insight quality, and raises costs. This challenge is visible across the GCC, where rapid digital transformation agendas are generating vast volumes of data, but organizations still struggle to unify and operationalize it effectively.

A common misstep among organizations is assuming that more AI or better models alone will solve this problem. In reality, the gap is not in intelligence, but in how data, context, and workflows are connected. Without that foundation, even the most advanced AI will fall short of delivering meaningful business impact.

But what if AI could do more of the heavy lifting, safely and reliably?

That’s the promise of agentic AI, and it’s quickly becoming reality. Agentic AI can reason through multi-step problems, adapt its approach, and engage the right capabilities to achieve a goal with minimal human involvement. Done right, it accelerates insight, lowers costs, and allows teams to focus more on running the business rather than managing manual processes.

Rethinking AI in Practice

Today, we are seeing the emergence of AI systems capable of handling structured analytics, unstructured knowledge, anomaly detection, and decision support, all within a unified experience. More importantly, these systems are becoming interoperable, allowing organizations to integrate AI into existing tools and workflows rather than replacing them entirely.

This flexibility is crucial in the GCC, where enterprises often operate across hybrid environments and must balance innovation with governance, compliance, and data sovereignty requirements.

Overall, there are effectively two entry points into this new AI paradigm:

First, embedded AI experiences within enterprise platforms are enabling faster, more contextual insights, grounded in trusted data and existing business logic.

Second, open integration layers are allowing organizations to connect AI capabilities into the assistants and environments they already use, ensuring flexibility while maintaining governance and control.

Making Data Work for AI

To move from fragmented data and isolated AI initiatives to true agentic systems, organizations need a clear operating model that connects data, insights, and action. This is where three practical priorities come into focus:

  • Achieve AI: Organizations need trusted, explainable insights embedded directly into workflows, while maintaining governance and context.
  • Accelerate AI: Many enterprises have already invested heavily in data models and business logic. The focus now is on building on that foundation to prove value quickly and scale efficiently.
  • Adapt AI: The future will not belong to a single assistant, vendor, or ecosystem. Interoperability will define success, allowing organizations to evolve without starting over.

Across the GCC, this adaptability is especially important as governments and enterprises push for AI leadership while maintaining flexibility to adopt global innovations.

Lessons from Early Adoption

Early adopters of agentic AI are already demonstrating tangible value.

A commercial leader can ask what changed in renewals this quarter, and immediately see the drivers, segments, and recommended next steps in one place.

An operations team can move from identifying a spike in service issues to understanding where it is concentrated, what factors are correlated, and what actions to prioritize, without switching between multiple tools.

A finance team can reconcile narrative and numbers while maintaining traceability, ensuring every insight is backed by clear evidence.

These use cases are highly relevant in the GCC, where sectors such as banking, telecom, and government are under increasing pressure to deliver faster, data-driven decisions while maintaining transparency and accountability.

A Regional Perspective on What Comes Next

AI conversation is moving beyond models. The real challenge lies in making AI dependable, explainable, and useful within the flow of work.

If organizations cannot connect analytics with knowledge, they don’t have agentic AI. They simply have automation without accountability.

For the GCC, where trust, governance, and strategic national initiatives play a central role, this distinction is critical. AI must not only be powerful; it must be responsible, transparent, and aligned with long-term economic visions.

Ultimately, the opportunity is clear: organizations that can successfully unify their data, embed intelligence into everyday workflows, and enable AI to act with context and accountability will define the next era of digital leadership in the region.

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