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A roadmap to 2025: Telecom trends and developments in MENA

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By Karim Yaici, Lead Industry Analyst, Middle East and Africa, Ookla

As the telecommunication landscape evolves, driven by adoption of accelerated 5G adoption, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and North Africa are paving the way for a new era of connectivity.

GCC countries pioneered 5G deployment with the support of governments and telecom operators’ investments.  These developments helped to provide consumers and businesses with lower latency connectivity, increased bandwidth, and improved reliability.

In 2024, various trials were conducted for 5G Advanced, a steppingstone towards 6G. GCC countries are ready to commercialize 5G-Advanced next year, with more proof-of-concept projects planned to demonstrate its benefits to consumers and businesses.

5G is also gaining momentum in North Africa. Egypt’s operators were awarded 5G licenses in October 2024 and started rolling out 5G in major cities after years of trials. In Tunisia, commercial 5G services are planned for an early 2025 launch. However, Algeria and Morocco have not officially announced their 5G deployment plans.

The UAE’s Telecommunications and Digital Government Regulatory Authority (TDRA) announced its 6G roadmap in 2024, becoming among the first countries to do so. The roadmap includes standardization, research, and development initiatives, which will inspire other countries to follow this path in the coming years.

Continued Appeal of Fixed-Wireless Access (FWA)

FWA has been a popular connectivity solution across the region, especially for users in areas with limited or no accessibility to wired technologies, such as DSL and fiber. The seamless setup option and flexible contracts have made it a preferred option. With the arrival of 5G, FWA has further carved out its position in the market, enabling challenger operators to compete against traditional broadband providers and address coverage gaps.

However, there is still some debate on the long-term viability of 5G FWA. As operators invest heavily in fiber, which is a more future-proof solution, some consider FWA as a short-to-medium-term option. In North Africa, network upgrades are anticipated to facilitate operators’ transition from 4G FWA, while deployments of 5G Advanced in the Gulf region offer the operators an opportunity to deliver faster, lower-latency connectivity options ideal for real-time applications such as online gaming.

Tapping Into Fiber for Super-Fast Internet

GCC countries stand as the regional pioneer in fiber coverage and adoption, driven by government support and accelerated rollouts by local internet service providers. Amid this, the UAE and Qatar boast the highest fiber coverage, delivering one of the world’s fastest fixed broadband speeds. This widespread availability of fiber has enabled operators to continually boost the speed of entry-level plans while making gigabit packages more affordable. We expect competition for higher speeds to intensify in 2025, with a growing focus on improving indoor coverage through upgraded Wi-Fi access points and fiber-to-the-room technology.

Fiber is also making waves in North Africa, with countries including Algeria, Egypt, and Morocco boosting their investments to expand fiber reach and migrate customers. Despite these efforts, fixed internet speeds are still low (compared to Gulf countries) due to the continued prevalence of DSL and FWA. We anticipate more efforts in 2025 to incentivize customers to adopt fiber and move existing users to faster packages on older technologies to boost their median download speed.

Operator-Satellite Communications Partnerships

Telecom operators and governments across the MENA region are increasingly exploring the potential of satellite communications to complement their traditional satellite communication services with more capabilities and flexibility offered by new players, such as Starlink and SpaceMobile, which use terrestrial spectrum. In 2024, several partnerships emerged between telecom operators and satellite companies, a trend that is anticipated to continue in 2025, with more countries licensing the new satellite players.

Commitment to Sustainability Goals

Sustainability has become a key focus for telecom operators in MENA. In 2023, the region’s seven leading operators signed an agreement to tackle environmental challenges together. These efforts are expected to grow in 2025, with more operators investing in renewable energy and green technologies and adopting sustainable practices. It reflects a broader commitment to advancing their sustainability agenda while meeting the evolving demand.

With developments in fiber, 5G, and satellite technologies, the MENA region is not only ensuring fast connectivity but also paving the way for a transformative future. These efforts ensure the region’s pioneering role in shaping the global telecommunication landscape.

Tech Features

THE AI REVOLUTION AND A FUTURE OF FAIRNESS

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by Dr Ekaterina Abramova, Adjunct Assistant Professor of Management Science and Operations at London Business School

The AI revolution is not on the horizon; it is already transforming how we work, solve everyday problems, and interact both with one another and with technology. From generative models to agentic systems capable of disrupting entire industries, artificial intelligence has advanced at a pace that few institutions, businesses, or governments are fully prepared for. What once felt like a distant technological possibility has become a structural force shaping labour markets and economies. As a result, one of the most pressing questions facing societies is no longer whether AI will change the world, but whether it will make it fairer. Increasingly the answer depends not only on the technology itself, but on the choices organisations and governments make about how its benefits are shared.

AI has the potential to unlock unprecedented prosperity. Yet history shows that technological revolutions rarely distribute their rewards evenly. Without deliberate intervention, the benefits of AI risk concentrating in the hands of a small number of large technology firms, highly skilled professionals and capital owners. This pattern has already emerged in earlier waves of digital transformation, where wealth and opportunity accumulated disproportionately in regions best positioned to adapt. For AI to foster equality rather than widen disparity, policymakers must treat inclusion as an ex-ante design principle rather than an ex-post correction.

The first crucial step for achieving fairness is improving the data that AI systems rely upon. Algorithms are only as representative as the information used to train them. When datasets exclude marginalised or underrepresented communities, AI risks reinforcing existing biases. Organisations and governments developing AI algorithms should prioritise collecting data from communities historically overlooked in policy design, such as rural populations, low-income groups, minority communities and those outside the formal labour markets. More inclusive datasets lead to fairer systems, more effective public services and policy decisions that better reflect the realities of entire populations, rather than just their most visible segments.

Another equally important aspect is how governments distribute the productivity gains and wealth generated by AI into broader societal benefits. Different regions are experimenting with alternative approaches. In parts of the Middle East, including the United Arab Emirates, economic gains from technological advancement are often channelled through state-led investment strategies rather than relying solely on traditional taxation and redistribution mechanisms. While VAT and other taxes exist, governments often reinvest a significant share of national income derived from natural resources and state-owned enterprises directly into infrastructure, public services, education and economic diversification. This approach builds long-term national capability by funding human capital development, strengthening digital infrastructure and fostering new sectors that create employment and opportunity.

Such strategies highlight an important principle: AI benefits do not need to be redistributed after inequality has emerged. They can be embedded in development strategies from the outset. By investing in education, digital skills and access to technology, governments expand the number of people able to participate in the AI ecosystem rather than merely compensate those left behind. China, for example, has made substantial investments in AI education and research capacity, recognising human capital as central to technological leadership. Every year 100,000 selected teenagers are funnelled into elite science talent streams across top high schools. These “genius classes” systematically train students to excel in international maths, physics, chemistry, biology and computer science competitions.

The pace of the AI revolution makes this challenge more urgent than previous technological transitions. Earlier industrial transformations unfolded over decades, allowing societies time to adapt institutions and labour markets. AI development in recent years has gained pace. Breakthroughs that once took years are now emerging within months, with new capabilities rapidly spreading across sectors from healthcare diagnostics and financial analysis to logistics and defence industries. This acceleration has been further intensified by the present-day AI race to achieve Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), amid a widespread belief that the first government to reach this milestone will gain a decisive strategic advantage. Organisations at the forefront of AI development are reluctant to slow for fear of falling behind geopolitical or commercial rivals. Meanwhile, many governments are hesitant to introduce AI regulation, concerned that premature constraints could hinder innovation and weaken their competitiveness in the pursuit of AI leadership.

However, the path forward requires a global perspective. While governments should encourage innovation, they must also recognise that AI technology will diffuse across borders. Hence governments worldwide should collaborate towards a global AI governing body, or at the very least, agree on minimum safety and fairness standards for AI deployment. The EU AI Act provides an important foundation by identifying unacceptably high-risk AI applications that should be prohibited. When forming such regulatory frameworks, governments should seek guidance from leading AI scientists to ensure they fully understand where the principal risks originate. Indeed, many prominent experts in the field argue that regulation is failing to keep pace with AI innovation.

Allowing AI technology to evolve without placing guardrails in place early risks embedding structural inequalities, particularly in labour markets, education access and capital distribution. Ultimately, the debate about AI and inequality is not primarily about algorithms; it is about governance. Technology reflects the priorities of the societies that deploy it. If policymakers treat AI purely as an engine of leadership and economic growth, its benefits will likely accrue to those already best positioned to capture them. But if AI development is guided by a clear commitment to inclusion through better data, wider access and sustained investment in human capital, it has the potential to expand opportunity on a global scale. As AI reshapes labour markets, workers will need opportunities to develop capabilities that complement intelligent systems rather than compete directly with them. Access to AI infrastructure, computing resources, data and digital connectivity must not be confined to a small group of corporations or wealthy regions.

The direction of the AI revolution is not predetermined. The question is not whether AI will transform our world, but whether governments and institutions will act quickly and thoughtfully enough to ensure that its benefits are broadly shared. In the race to build increasingly powerful systems, equal attention must be given to building the social and economic frameworks that will ensure the future is genuinely fair.

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THE REALITY OF AI DEPLOYMENT ACROSS THE WORKFORCE IN THE REGION

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By Alfred Manasseh, COO & Co-Founder of Shaffra

Across the GCC, AI is becoming more operational. The conversation has moved beyond whether organisations are testing AI and toward how deeply these systems are being embedded into daily work. McKinsey’s finding that 84% of GCC organisations have adopted AI in at least one business function shows the region’s strong momentum, but the more important shift is where this technology is now creating measurable value.

AI is beginning to operate inside real enterprise workflows, where productivity, cost, speed, service quality, and governance can be measured. This practical shift means AI is being judged less by novelty and more by whether it can reduce manual work, improve response times, and support better execution across organisations.

Where AI is being deployed

AI deployment is gaining traction in structured, high-volume functions where it can remove this coordination burden and give employees more capacity for skilled output. Asana’s research has found that around 60% of time is spent on “work about work,” such as chasing updates, attending unnecessary meetings, and switching between tools.

Customer service teams are using AI for automated query handling, routing, escalation management, and multilingual support. Operations teams are applying AI to order processing, workflow coordination, and SLA monitoring.

In HR, AI is supporting CV screening, interview scheduling, and onboarding orchestration. In finance, it is being used for invoice processing, reconciliation, and anomaly detection. Sales teams are also applying AI to lead qualification, follow-ups, CRM hygiene, and pipeline updates.

Regional governments are also preparing the workforce for this reality. Digital Dubai recently launched the AI Workforce Transformation Program, known as AI+, to help train 50,000 government employees for an AI-ready workforce.

Three phases of AI workforce evolution

AI use across the workforce can be understood in three phases. First, AI acts as an assistant through copilots, chat interfaces, summarisation, drafting, search, and advisory tools that improve individual productivity. Second, AI becomes an operator, completing defined tasks across CRM, HR, finance, customer service, and operations systems within controlled boundaries. Third, AI develops into a workforce layer, where systems are assigned roles, KPIs, access rights, escalation pathways, and governance controls. At this stage, Autonomous AI Teams operate as governed digital employees, helping structure, assign, monitor, and improve work.

How mature AI deployments operate

AI is not replacing entire jobs. It is restructuring work by taking over repetitive tasks within roles. Human teams are shifting toward oversight, exception handling, decision-making, escalation management, and quality control.

Autonomous AI Teams operate as coordinated systems rather than standalone models. They support humans through role-based actions with defined responsibilities, structured access to enterprise systems, clear decision boundaries, controlled autonomy levels, human escalation pathways, performance metrics, auditability, and governance.

From tools to workforce infrastructure

Before scaling autonomous AI systems, executives need clear visibility into decision-making, accountability, risk controls, and human intervention points. Trust grows when productivity gains are measurable and governance is visible. IBM research shows that 77% of UAE senior leaders have already seen significant productivity gains from AI, which reflects growing confidence in its operational value.

Across Shaffra deployments, Autonomous AI Teams have contributed to more than 2 million manual work hours saved monthly across operational workflows. Organisations have reported up to 80% reductions in operational costs, customer service teams can manage up to five times more queries, and HR recruitment cycles that previously took weeks can be reduced to hours.

The future workforce layer

The GCC has a strong appetite for AI adoption, but many organisations still need to redesign workflows and overcome fragmented legacy systems before AI teams can function as part of daily operations. Research showing that 94% of UAE data leaders lack complete visibility into AI decision-making processes reinforces why explainability, governance, and workflow design must develop alongside deployment.

The next phase of AI is about building a governed workforce layer where humans and Autonomous AI Teams execute together with clarity, accountability, and valuable impact.

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Tech Features

FROM CODING TO INTENT: HOW GENERATIVE AI IS REWRITING THE RULES OF PROFESSIONAL CREATIVITY

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Contributed by Jeff Jacob, Regional Business Team Lead – ISBG at ASUS Middle East & Africa

AI Creative Ecosystems Are Transforming Professional Workflows from Technical Execution to Intent-Driven Innovation

For decades, professional creativity was defined by a precise, hard-earned technical mastery. To be a digital creator involved understanding the underlying mechanics of software: knowing which shortcut keys to press, how to modify complicated codes, and how to adjust render engines frame by frame manually. Designers studied sophisticated software interfaces. Editors memorised keyboard shortcuts. Architects explored multiple layers of modelling systems. Filmmakers designed workflows around rendering pipelines. But the limits of the digital interface restricted creativity. The creator’s thoughts generated an idea, but their hands spent hours, days, or weeks converting that vision into a language that the computer was able to understand.

Today, that equation is fundamentally changing. Generative AI is ushering in a new era in which the focus shifts from execution to intention. It is changing the laws of professional creativity, propelling us from manual digital workflows to the era of intent-driven innovation.

When an efficient AI model can create complex codes, display hyper-realistic settings from a text prompt, or isolate audio frequencies in seconds, technical project execution becomes commoditised. The fundamental value of the human creator centres on intent, the ability to direct, curate, refine, and orchestrate complicated visions. The world is transitioning from one in which creators are valued for how they code or compile to one in which they are appreciated for what they aim to build and why it is important.

This shift represents a significant challenge for conventional hardware philosophy. For years, the computing industry saw professional machines through a strictly quantitative lens. Traditional parameters for evaluating creative laptops and workstations included processing power, graphics performance, display accuracy, storage capacity, and the most aggressive thermal cooling. These factors remain important, but in an intent-driven environment, passive hardware is no longer enough. If the creative process is to become an ongoing, fluid interaction between human intent and artificial intelligence, the technology must evolve. It must grow into an intelligent partner rather than a mere productivity tool.

This is precisely where the concept of technological design must pivot, a shift that many brands anticipated with the expansion of their AI art ecosystems. Rather than seeing AI integration as a superficial software tool, when it is developed as an intelligent, creative collaborator, it bridges the gap between raw computing capacity and human intuition.

A single campaign today may involve long-form video, short-form social assets, AI-generated photography, interactive experiences, 3D content, spatial design, and linguistic adaptations all at the same time. This requires a whole new level of physical and digital collaboration. The modern hardware anticipates the creator’s next action by using dedicated Neural Processing Units, tailored AI workflows, and fully connected software ecosystems. It optimises system resources based not only on raw CPU load, but also on the cognitive needs of an AI-powered pipeline. Physical control interfaces are no longer just shortcuts for legacy software sliders; they are physical extensions of intent, allowing creators to dynamically scrub through AI-generated iterations, manipulate parameters in real time, and maintain a tactile connection to an increasingly non-linear process.

Furthermore, this evolution alters the perspective on the mobility of professional talent. Intent-driven creativity thrives on cross-disciplinary exploration. A filmmaker may need to create architectural backgrounds on set, or a designer may need to run localised, big language models during a client pitch to iterate on branding concepts in real time. By compressing massive AI computing capabilities into extremely sophisticated, colour-accurate, and portable forms, the modern ecosystem assures that the studio is no longer confined to a single desk.

Yet, despite the excitement around AI, a major misconception must also be addressed. Generative AI does not replace creativity. It reframes where human value fits into the creative process. Historically, technical expertise has been a barrier to entrance. Having the ability to master complex structures determined who could participate in creative industries. AI lowers those barriers, but it also emphasises the importance of distinctively human skills such as judgment, taste, narrative, emotional intelligence, cultural understanding, and strategic thinking.

This is why the discussion on AI-powered creativity must extend beyond software. Infrastructure matters. Devices matter. Ecosystems matter. Professionals driving the future of creative industries will require technology that can enable sophisticated AI-native tasks while maintaining reliability, portability, security, and precision. The brands that recognise creativity as a human experience enhanced by intelligent technology will be the ones to succeed in the next phase. Every technology leader must now face the same question: in a future where AI can generate practically anything, how can we empower humans to create something meaningful?

The change of professional creativity is a story of structural emancipation rather than human replacement. As generative AI continues to demystify the technical aspects of execution, the primary focus returns to where it always belonged: the depth of human insight and the precision of artistic vision. The future of professional creation belongs to those who can master the art of intent.

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