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THE RISE OF THE AUTONOMOUS ECONOMY: A 2025 RETROSPECTIVE FROM THE MIDDLE EAST

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Kayvan Karim, Assistant Professor at School of Mathematical and Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Dubai

The year 2025 will likely be remembered as the moment the global economy stopped simply automating tasks and started handing over the keys to autonomous agents. For decades, the promise of automation was simple: machines doing repetitive work faster than humans. But the last twelve months have ushered in a fundamental paradigm shift. We have moved from the era of static scripts to the age of “Agentic AI”, systems that don’t just follow orders but perceive, reason, and act to achieve complex goals.

In their 2025 Technology Trends report, Accenture’s analysts have termed the explosion of these capabilities as “The Binary Big Bang”. As generative AI becomes central to enterprise technology, the cost of development has plummeted, leading to a proliferation of new systems where digital agents act autonomously. These systems have given rise to Agentic AI, which acts as a proactive partner rather than a passive interface. These agents are now capable of “Superagency,” a collaboration architecture that orchestrates multi-agent systems to handle complex workflows that require specialised knowledge across different domains.

This shift is nowhere more palpable than in the Middle East. From the giga-projects of Saudi Arabia to the smart logistics hubs of Dubai, the region is leveraging this technological inflection point to decouple its economic future from hydrocarbons and rebuild it on a foundation of silicon and code.

The Economics of Intelligence

The catalyst for this revolution is a dramatic collapse in the cost of cognitive labour. When examining the economics of intelligence, Stanford University reported in its 2025 AI Index Report that the catalyst for this explosion in autonomy is the radical democratisation of computing power. Between late 2022 and late 2024, the inference cost for a system performing at the level of GPT-3.5 dropped over 280-fold. This trend accelerated through 2025, with hardware costs declining by approximately 30% annually and energy efficiency improving by 40% each year.

These economic shifts have lowered the barriers to entry, moving advanced AI from the realm of massive research labs to the operational budgets of mid-sized enterprises. As Menlo Ventures noted in their mid-year update, enterprise spending on model APIs more than doubled to $8.4 billion in the first half of 2025 alone, signalling a decisive shift from experimental “training” budgets to production-grade “inference” budgets.

The Middle East’s Sovereign Pivot

In the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), this technological wave is being ridden with strategic intent. The region is not content to merely import Western or Eastern models; it is building its own “Sovereign AI.”

In the UAE, the Technology Innovation Institute (TII) has continued to push boundaries with its Falcon series. As highlighted by ITU in 2025, the Falcon LLM has evolved into a multi-modal framework capable of processing vision and audio, enabling it to interpret complex documents and charts locally without data leaving the country. Similarly, G42’s Inception has solidified Jais’s position as the world’s premier Arabic-centric model. By integrating Jais into the Microsoft Azure Model Catalogue, they have provided generative AI access to over 400 million Arabic speakers, ensuring that the nuances of the region’s language and culture are preserved in the digital age.

Saudi Arabia has matched this ambition with the launch of Humain, a PIF-backed AI champion. According to Reuters reports from late 2025, Humain is not only building massive data centre capacity but is also developing a voice-first operating system designed to replace traditional icon-based interfaces. This aligns with the Kingdom’s broader Vision 2030 goals, where AI is expected to contribute over $135 billion to the economy.

From Automation to Autonomy in Industry

The distinction between “automation” (following rules) and “autonomy” (making decisions) is best illustrated in the region’s critical infrastructure.

In the energy sector, Saudi Aramco and Yokogawa achieved a historic milestone at the Fadhili Gas Plant. As reported by Oilfield Technology, they successfully deployed autonomous control AI agents that utilise reinforcement learning to optimise the Acid Gas Removal unit actively. Unlike traditional systems, these agents adapt to changing environmental conditions without human intervention, reducing chemical and steam consumption by up to 15%.

Similarly, ADNOC partnered with G42 and Microsoft to launch “EnergyAI.” This agentic system automates complex tasks such as seismic analysis and geological modelling, compressing workflows that used to take months into mere days.

In logistics, the shift is physical. DP World has revolutionised container handling at Jebel Ali with the BoxBay system. As described by Marine Insight, this high-bay storage technology stacks containers up to 11 tiers high in a steel rack, allowing fully automated cranes to access any container without having to reshuffle others. This change increases terminal capacity by 300% and creates a safer, more efficient operating environment.

The GenAI Divide: Enterprises vs. SMEs

While giants like Aramco and DP World forge ahead, the picture for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) is more complex. Project NANDA’s 2025 research highlights a “GenAI Divide,” revealing that while 95% of organisations are investing in AI, only 5% are extracting significant value.

For SMEs, the barriers are talent and infrastructure. However, the rise of Low-Code/No-Code platforms is providing a bridge. As reported by Gulf News, Zoho has seen 50% growth in the region, driven by businesses modernising legacy systems without the need for expensive engineering teams.

To further support this sector, the Saudi SME Bank launched Phase II of its Agency Model in 2025. By partnering with crowdfunding platforms like Manafa and Lendo, they have allocated SAR 240 million specifically to finance SME growth and digital transformation.

The Future of Work: A Divergent Path

The impact on the job market is profound. The World Economic Forum’s “Future of Jobs 2025” report predicts a divergent effect: while routine roles in administration and manual labour are declining, demand for AI and big data specialists is surging.

In the GCC, this dynamic intersects with nationalisation agendas. Governments are using AI to solve the skills mismatch. The Massar Al Ghurair platform, launched in the UAE in 2025, uses AI algorithms to match Emirati youth with career paths and upskilling opportunities. By automating career counselling and recruitment, the region aims to replace low-skilled expatriate labour with high-skilled local talent.

Looking Ahead to 2026

As we look toward 2026, the focus will shift from adoption to governance and integration. Gartner forecasts that IT spending in the MENA region will reach $169 billion in 2026, an 8.9% increase mainly driven by AI infrastructure.

We can expect the realisation of “Cognitive Cities.” In Saudi Arabia, NEOM is moving from earthworks to deploying a cognitive operating system that predicts resident needs. Meanwhile, Dubai’s Cashless Strategy aims to have 90% of all transactions be digital by 2026, creating a data-rich environment for further autonomous innovation.

The year 2025 was the year the machines started to think. The year 2026 will be the year we learn to live and work alongside them.

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Tech Features

THE CONVERGENCE OF CRISIS: HOW OVERLAPPING RISKS ARE REDEFINING WORKFORCE MOBILITY IN THE MIDDLE EAST

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By Gillan McNay, Security Director Assistance – Middle East, International SOS

In today’s Middle East operating environment, mobility risk no longer arrives in isolation. Organisations are increasingly navigating multiple, overlapping disruptions that converge to affect how, when, and whether their people can move. Geopolitical tension, aviation restrictions, cyber exposure, misinformation, and workforce anxiety are no longer separate risk categories – they interact, amplify one another, and challenge traditional mobility assumptions.

This convergence is redefining what “safe movement” looks like for organisations with employees traveling, deployed, or working abroad across the region.

From Single Events to Layered Disruption

Historically, mobility planning focused on discrete scenarios, weather events, isolated security incidents, or airline strikes. Today, organisations are far more likely to face layered disruption, where one event triggers a cascade of secondary impacts.

A regional security escalation may coincide with airspace closures. Airspace closures may lead to congestion at land borders. Border congestion increases stress for travelers, which in turn heightens reliance on digital communication channels, precisely when misinformation and cyber activity surge. Each layer compounds the next.

International SOS’ Risk Outlook 2026 highlights this shift clearly: risk is now systemic and interdependent, not episodic. For mobility teams, this means plans designed for one‑dimensional threats will be insufficient.

Mobility Is Now a Strategic Exposure

Movement of people has become a strategic risk vector rather than a logistical one. When employees cannot travel as planned, the impact extends beyond delayed meetings or project timelines. It affects:

  • Business continuity
  • Leadership visibility
  • Employee confidence and wellbeing
  • Regulatory and duty‑of‑care obligations

In the Middle East, this is especially pronounced due to the region’s role as a global aviation hub and its highly international workforce. When airspace is disrupted in one country, the effects ripple across neighbouring states almost immediately.

As a result, organisations must treat mobility decisions with the same scrutiny as other strategic risks, cybersecurity, financial exposure, or supply‑chain dependency.

The New Reality: Mobility Under Uncertainty

In recent months, we have seen how quickly mobility conditions can change. Routes that were viable in the morning may be restricted by evening. Neighbouring jurisdictions may adjust entry requirements or limit transit with little notice. Information may circulate rapidly on social media before it can be verified.

The most resilient organisations recognise that movement decisions must be conditions‑based, not schedule‑based. Rather than asking “Can we move people today?”, leaders need to ask:

  • What conditions would make movement unsafe tomorrow?
  • What alternatives exist if a primary route closes?
  • Are we prepared to shift from air to land, or to stabilise in place?

This approach requires planning optionality into every mobility decision.

Overlapping Risks Demand Integrated Decision‑Making

The convergence of crisis exposes one of the most common organisational gaps: mobility decisions are often segmented across functions. Security looks at threat levels, HR considers employee impact, travel teams focus on bookings, and IT monitors communications. In a converging‑risk environment, this fragmentation increases risk.

Mobility decisions must be informed by integrated intelligence, security assessments, aviation updates, border conditions, medical considerations and workforce sentiment. When these views are aligned into a single operating picture, organisations can act faster and with greater confidence.

This integrated approach is increasingly reflected in board‑level discussions, as highlighted in the Risk Outlook 2026, where executive oversight of crisis preparedness and workforce risk continues to rise.

The Human Layer Cannot Be Separated From Mobility

Overlapping crises do not only disrupt routes; they disrupt people. Uncertainty around travel amplifies stress, particularly for expatriates with families, employees traveling alone, or teams operating far from home support networks.

From an assistance perspective, we see that anxiety itself becomes a risk multiplier. Tired, stressed travelers are more likely to make poor decisions, rushing to airports prematurely, acting on unverified information, or attempting unsafe routing alternatives.

Mobility strategies must therefore incorporate psychological safety alongside physical safety. Clear guidance, predictable communication, and reassurance that decisions are being reviewed continuously make a material difference to outcomes.

Why “Move” Is Not Always the Right Answer

One of the most important shifts organisations are making is recognising that relocation or evacuation is not always the safest or most effective response. In converging‑risk scenarios, moving people can expose them to new uncertainties if the destination environment changes.

Stability, supported by shelter‑in‑place guidance, supply planning, and continuous monitoring, can be the safest posture while conditions clarify. Mobility planning should define three distinct postures:

  • Stay and stabilise
  • Relocate to a regional safe haven
  • Evacuate out of the region

Each posture requires different triggers, communications, and support mechanisms. Treating them interchangeably increases risk.

Information Discipline Is a Mobility Imperative

Overlapping crises generate noise. For organisations managing mobility, information discipline becomes critical. Decisions based on rumours, unverified social media posts, or outdated aviation updates can lead to unnecessary movement, or unsafe delay.

Effective organisations establish clear information pathways:

  • Who validates updates
  • Which sources are trusted
  • How frequently conditions are reviewed
  • When decisions are escalated

This discipline supports faster pivots when conditions change and reduces the emotional load on traveling employees.

Building Adaptive Mobility for the Future

The convergence of crisis in the Middle East is not a temporary phenomenon. Geopolitical volatility, climate stress, digital disruption, and workforce expectations will continue to intersect. Mobility strategies must evolve accordingly.

Resilient organisations are already adapting by:

  • Embedding workforce visibility into core systems
  • Designing mobility plans with multiple fail‑safe options
  • Training leaders to make people‑first decisions under pressure
  • Aligning crisis planning with broader enterprise risk management

As the Risk Outlook 2026 underscores, preparedness is no longer about predicting the next event, it’s about building the capacity to adapt when events collide.

A Redefined Measure of Readiness

In this new operating reality, mobility readiness is not measured by the ability to move people quickly, but by the ability to make calm, informed, and proportionate decisions as risks converge.

Organisations that understand this will be better positioned to protect their people, maintain operational stability, and navigate periods of regional tension with confidence rather than urgency. The convergence of crisis is challenging, but with the right structures, discipline, and integration, it is manageable.

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Tech Features

SUPPORTING EMPLOYEES ABROAD OR RELOCATING AMID REGIONAL TENSIONS: A STRATEGIC ADVISORY FOR ORGANISATIONS

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By Gillan McNay, Security Director Assistance – Middle East, International SOS

Periods of regional tension place organisations under intense pressure to protect their people while sustaining operations. For UAE‑based companies with employees working from abroad, traveling frequently, or facing potential relocation, uncertainty can escalate quickly. Routes change, borders tighten, information moves faster than it can be verified, and employees look to their organisation for clarity and reassurance. In this environment, support must be strategic, deliberate, and people‑first.

Shift From Reaction to Preparedness

The most resilient organisations are those that move beyond reacting to events and instead operate with a preparedness mindset. This starts with acknowledging that uncertainty is not an exception but a condition organisations must continuously manage. Strategy, therefore, should anticipate disruption and define how the organisation will respond before decisions are forced by urgency.

Preparedness does not mean planning for every possible outcome. It means establishing decision frameworks that allow leaders to act confidently as conditions evolve, whether that results in continued remote work, relocation to a safe haven, or shelter‑in‑place with enhanced support.

Establish Workforce Visibility as a Strategic Capability

Supporting employees abroad begins with accurate, real‑time visibility. Leaders must know where their people are, their travel status, and whether they are working remotely, stationed overseas, or in transit with dependents. Visibility should extend beyond employees to include contractors and accompanying family members where duty‑of‑care obligations apply.

This visibility is strategic because it underpins all subsequent decisions. Without it, organisations risk delayed responses, fragmented communication, and uneven support. With it, they can act proportionately, supporting those most exposed while avoiding unnecessary disruption for others.

Differentiate Between Relocation, Evacuation, and Stability

One of the most common strategic mistakes during regional tensions is treating all movement decisions as evacuations. In reality, organisations need three clearly defined postures:

  • Stability: Supporting employees to remain where they are with guidance, wellbeing checks, and secure working arrangements.
  • Relocation: Moving employees to a safer location, often within the region, as a preventive measure.
  • Evacuation: Executing time‑bound movement out of an area due to elevated risk.

Clear definitions allow leaders to choose the least disruptive option that still protects people. Often, relocation or stability with structured support is safer and more sustainable than rapid evacuation.

Prepare Employees Before Movement Is Required

Relocation becomes significantly smoother when employees are prepared before they are asked to move. Strategy should include guidance on documentation readiness, passport validity, visa requirements for neighbouring countries, preferred relocation countries and expectations around timelines and flexibility.

Employees working abroad need to understand not only what may happen, but how decisions will be made. When organisations explain decision triggers, what would prompt relocation, what would not, employees feel informed rather than anxious. This transparency builds trust and reduces panic-driven movement.

Integrate the Human Dimension into Planning

Strategic support must address the human impact of uncertainty. Employees working from abroad or facing relocation are often balancing professional obligations with family concerns, schooling, medical needs, and other emotional strains. Ignoring these factors weakens any relocation or stability strategy.

Effective organisations integrate wellbeing considerations into operational plans. This includes access to medical advice, continuity of prescriptions, support for family travel, and regular wellbeing check‑ins. Leaders should be attuned to signs of fatigue or anxiety and equip managers with guidance to support teams compassionately and consistently.

Communicate With Discipline and Predictability

In uncertain times, communication is as important as movement planning. Strategy should define how, when, and by whom information is shared. Centralised, fact‑based updates delivered at a predictable cadence reduce speculation and rumor.

Employees should know where official updates will come from and which sources to trust. Communications do not need to be frequent to be effective; they need to be consistent, clear, and grounded in verified information. Saying “there is no update yet” is often more reassuring than silence.

Support Employees Who Must Remain Abroad

Not all employees can or should relocate. Many will continue working from abroad in environments affected by regional tension. Supporting these employees strategically means ensuring they have guidance on local conditions, access to support services, and clearly defined expectations around work, availability, and safety.

Stability should be treated as an active posture, not inaction. Regular check‑ins, updated guidance, and contingency planning signal to employees that their situation is being managed deliberately, not overlooked.

Plan for Relocation as a Managed Process

When relocation is required and viable, it should be executed as a controlled, end‑to‑end process. This includes manifesting all individuals, front‑loading documentation checks, coordinating transport and accommodation, and communicating each step of the journey.

Strategically, leaders must also consider what comes after relocation: access to work, schooling for children, healthcare, and communication continuity. Relocation is not just movement; it is a temporary operating model that must be sustainable.

Learn, Adapt, and Strengthen

Each period of disruption provides insight into what worked and what did not. Strategic organisations capture these lessons and feed them back into planning. This may involve refining decision thresholds, improving data accuracy, or strengthening manager training.

Preparedness evolves as operating environments change, and organisations that invest in continuous improvement are better positioned to protect both their people and their business.

A Strategy Built on Trust and Clarity

Ultimately, supporting employees abroad or relocating amid regional tensions is a test of organisational maturity. Clear visibility, disciplined planning, transparent communication, and genuine care form the foundation of resilience. When organisations operate from these principles, employees feel supported rather than vulnerable, and leaders can make decisions with confidence rather than urgency.

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Tech Features

IN THE AGE OF AI, THE BEST HEALTHCARE WILL STILL BE HUMAN

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By Dr. Craig Cook, CEO, The Brain & Performance Centre, A DP World Company

Healthcare is entering one of the most transformative periods in its history. Artificial intelligence is accelerating diagnostics, enhancing imaging, and enabling more personalised treatment pathways than ever before. These advancements are no longer theoretical, they are already shaping how care is delivered across leading medical systems.

However, as the industry moves forward at pace, there is a risk of focusing too heavily on what technology can do, and not enough on what individuals actually need.

At its core, healthcare is not a technical transaction. It is a human experience. Within that experience, trust, communication and empathy are not optional, they are fundamental.

Strong human interaction between clinicians and clients remains one of the most important factors in delivering safe and effective care. Technology can identify patterns, process data and support decision-making, but it cannot replace the reassurance an individual feels when they are heard, understood and taken seriously. That interaction often determines whether someone follows through with treatment, shares critical information, or seeks support early rather than late.

From a safety perspective, this is critical. Individuals who feel comfortable with their clinician are far more likely to communicate openly about symptoms, concerns and uncertainties. They ask more questions, clarify instructions, and engage more actively in their own care. This level of engagement reduces the likelihood of miscommunication, improves adherence to treatment plans, and ultimately leads to better outcomes.

In contrast, when the human element is diminished, even the most advanced systems can fall short. An individual may receive accurate data but still leave uncertain about what it means. They may hesitate to disclose something important, or disengage entirely. No algorithm can compensate for that gap.

This is why meaningful communication must remain at the centre of healthcare delivery. It is not simply about explaining a diagnosis. It is about creating an environment where individuals feel safe to speak, where their concerns are acknowledged, and where complex information is translated into something clear and actionable.

As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, the role of the clinician will not diminish, it will become more important. Technology should reduce administrative burden, enhance precision, and create time. That time should be reinvested into the client relationship through greater clarity, deeper understanding and more considered care.

At The Brain & Performance Centre, A DP World Company, this balance is central to how we approach care. Advanced technologies play a critical role in our assessments and programmes, but they are always applied within a human-led framework. Every programme is personalised, every interaction is intentional, and every client journey is built on understanding the individual, not just the data.

The future of healthcare will undoubtedly be shaped by innovation. But its success will not be defined by how advanced the technology becomes. It will be defined by whether we use that technology to strengthen, rather than replace, the human connection at the centre of care. Because ultimately, the most powerful tool in healthcare is not artificial intelligence. It is trust.

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