Tech Features
THE YEAR AI WENT MAINSTREAM
Talal Shaikh, Associate Professor, Heriot-Watt University Dubai
In 2025, artificial intelligence crossed a threshold that had little to do with model size or benchmark scores. This was the year AI stopped feeling like a product and started behaving like infrastructure. It became embedded across work, education, government, media, and daily decision-making. The shift was subtle but decisive. AI moved from something people tried to something they assumed would be there.
From my position at Heriot-Watt University Dubai, what stood out most was not a single breakthrough, but a convergence. Multiple model ecosystems matured at the same time. Autonomy increased. Regulation caught up. Infrastructure scaled. And nations began to treat intelligence itself as a strategic asset.
From one AI story to many
For several years, public attention clustered around a small number of Western firms, most visibly OpenAI and Google. In 2025, that narrative fractured.
Google’s Gemini models became deeply embedded across search, productivity tools, Android, and enterprise workflows. Their strength lay not only in conversation, but in tight coupling with documents, spreadsheets, email, and live information. AI here was designed to live inside existing habits.
At the same time, Grok, developed by xAI, took a different path. With real-time access to public discourse and a deliberately opinionated tone, it reflected a broader shift in design philosophy. AI systems were no longer neutral interfaces. They carried values, styles, and assumptions shaped by their creators. That diversity itself was a sign of maturity.
By the end of 2025, users were no longer asking which model was best. They were choosing systems based on fit, trust, integration, and intent.
The rise of agentic AI
If generative AI defined earlier years, agentic AI defined 2025.
In 2023, most people experienced AI as a chatbot. You asked a question, it replied, and the interaction ended. In 2025, that interaction became continuous. An agent does not simply respond. It reads context, sets sub-goals, uses tools, checks results, and decides what to do next.
A chatbot drafts an email. An agent reads the full thread, looks up past conversations, drafts a response, schedules a meeting, and follows up if no reply arrives. A chatbot explains an error. An agent runs tests, fixes the issue, commits code, and opens a pull request.
This transition from response to agency turned AI from a helpful assistant into an operational participant. It also shifted risk. As systems gained the ability to act, questions of oversight, auditability, and failure containment moved from academic debate into everyday management.
A shift I saw first in the classroom
This change was not abstract for me. I saw it unfold directly in my classrooms.
Only a short time ago, many students dismissed AI-assisted coding with a familiar phrase: “It hallucinates.” They were not wrong. Early tools often produced code that looked correct but failed logically. Students learned quickly that blind trust led to wasted hours.
In 2025, that language faded.
Students now approach AI differently. They no longer ask whether the model is correct. They ask why it produced a solution, where it might fail, and how to constrain it. In one recent lab, a student debugging a robotics control pipeline did not reject the AI output after a failed test. He used it to generate alternative hypotheses, compared execution traces, and isolated the fault faster than traditional trial and error would allow.
At one point, a student stopped and said, “It is not hallucinating anymore. It is reasoning, but only if I reason with it.”
That sentence captures 2025 better than any benchmark.
From skepticism to supervision, in industry
The same shift is visible among our alumni now working in software engineering, fintech, data science, and robotics. Several who once warned juniors not to trust AI code now describe it as a first-pass collaborator. They use it to scaffold architectures, surface edge cases, and speed up documentation, while keeping final judgment firmly human.
The concern is no longer hallucination. It is over-reliance.
AI moved from being treated as an unreliable shortcut to being treated as a junior colleague, fast, useful, and fallible, requiring supervision rather than dismissal.
Sovereign AI, two models of power
One of the clearest signals that AI went mainstream in 2025 was the divergence in how regions approached it.
In much of the West, the year was framed as a corporate contest. Product launches, market share, and valuation battles dominated headlines. Innovation moved fast, driven by competition between private firms.
In the Middle East, and particularly in the UAE, the framing was different. AI was treated as national infrastructure.
The UAE’s investment in sovereign models such as Falcon and Jais reflected a belief that intelligence, like water or electricity, must be secured, governed, and trusted within borders. This was not about isolation. It was about resilience, data sovereignty, and long-term capacity. Dependence without control came to be seen as a strategic risk.
In 2025, this idea matured. Sovereign AI stopped being a slogan and became a planning principle. While the West debated which company would win, the UAE focused on ensuring that the capability itself remained accessible, accountable, and locally anchored.
When culture embraced AI
Another signal of mainstream adoption arrived from outside the technology sector.
The strategic alignment between The Walt Disney Company and OpenAI marked a moment when AI entered the core of global culture. Disney does not adopt technologies lightly. Its value lies in storytelling, world-building, and intellectual property sustained over decades.
This move was not about automating creativity. It was about scale and continuity. Modern story worlds span films, series, games, theme parks, and personalised digital experiences. Managing that complexity increasingly requires intelligent systems that can assist across writing, design, localisation, and audience interaction.
When a company whose primary asset is imagination treats AI as foundational, it signals that intelligent systems are no longer peripheral to creative industries. They are becoming part of how stories are built, maintained, and experienced. In that sense, 2025 marked the moment AI became cultural infrastructure, not just technical tooling.
Work changed quietly
Another sign of mainstreaming was how little drama accompanied adoption. Professionals stopped announcing that they were using AI. They simply expected it.
Developers assumed code assistance and automated testing. Analysts assumed rapid summaries and scenario modeling. Marketers assumed content generation and performance analysis. Students assumed access, but outcomes increasingly depended on how well they could guide, verify, and critique what AI produced.
This created a new divide. Not between technical and non-technical people, but between those who could reason with AI and those who delegated thinking to it.
What this means for universities
For universities, 2025 closed the door on treating AI as optional.
Every discipline now intersects with intelligent systems. Engineers must understand ethics and regulation. Business graduates must understand automation and decision support. Creative fields must grapple with authorship and originality. Researchers must design methods that remain valid when AI is part of the workflow.
At Heriot-Watt University Dubai, this pushes us toward assessment that rewards reasoning over polish, and education that teaches students not just to use AI, but to supervise it.
The real shift
AI went mainstream in 2025, not because it became smarter, but because society reorganised around it. Multiple models coexisted. Agents acted with growing autonomy. Nations planned for sovereignty. Culture adapted. Classrooms recalibrated trust.
The next phase will not be defined by faster models alone. It will be defined by judgment.
That is the quieter, more demanding challenge left to us after the year AI went mainstream.
Tech Features
TrendAI™Expands Vision One with New Security Capabilities for AI Agents and Application Development
TrendAI™, the global AI security leader and enterprise business unit of Trend Micro Incorporated (TYO: 4704; TSE: 4704), has announced new capabilities for TrendAI Vision One™. These include the private preview of Autonomous Vulnerability Discovery and expanded support for Claude’s Compliance API, which now covers Claude Code and Cowork sessions. Together, these services help enterprises identify exploitable vulnerabilities in source code before attackers do, investigate how AI agents operate, and maintain oversight as AI adoption scales.
The need for this oversight is growing rapidly across the region. According to research conducted by The Harris Poll for Dataiku, 62% of UAE chief information officers believe their organisation have more than 50 AI agents running in production, yet only 18% have a fully unified view of agents across platforms, data environments, and business applications. At the same time, AI is accelerating both how quickly code is written and how quickly attackers can identify flaws. Security teams therefore need to keep pace with AI adoption without losing visibility into what is happening across their environments.
The new capabilities extend TrendAI Vision One™ across both software development and AI agent activity. TrendAI Vision One™ Autonomous Vulnerability Discovery is powered by AESIR, TrendAI’s agentic exploit-remediation engine, which identifies and validates vulnerabilities, including zero-days. It also verifies fixes in customer source code. The engine uses purpose-built, multi-model AI architecture that relies primarily on Anthropic models and has outperformed single-model and agentic system scores on the CyberGym Leaderboard. Every finding is validated by experts from the TrendAI™ Zero-Day Initiative™ (ZDI), the world’s largest vendor-agnostic bug bounty programme. The Autonomous Vulnerability Discovery is deployed and operated on Amazon Bedrock from Amazon Web Services (AWS), enabling the full workflow to run within the customer’s AWS environment
In parallel, the expanded Claude Compliance API integration brings Claude Code and Cowork session records from Claude Enterprise into TrendAI Vision One™. These records include prompts, responses, and tool calls, each tied to a verified user. It enables security teams to investigate AI activity in context, correlate it with endpoint, identity, cloud and network signals, and build custom detections for relevant agent behaviour.
Commenting on the announcement, Salah Suleiman, Managing Director, South Gulf, TrendAI™, said, “AI is changing both how software is built and how work gets done across the enterprise. Code is being written faster than ever, while AI agents are increasingly able to access systems, call tools and act on behalf of users. As organisations across the UAE and the wider region scale AI at pace, their security teams need to identify vulnerabilities early while maintaining clear visibility into what AI systems are doing and whether their actions align with organisational policies. With these additions to TrendAI Vision One™, we are helping organisations move faster with AI while maintaining the context, oversight and control needed to do so securely.”
TrendAI Vision One™ also continues to ingest activity logs from Claude Enterprise, covering user logins, administrative actions and configuration changes, as well as from Claude Platform, covering administrative, system and resource events. Autonomous Vulnerability Discovery is now available in private preview to select enterprise customers running on AWS, while Claude’s Compliance API integration in TrendAI Vision One™ is available to TrendAI Vision One™ customers using Claude Enterprise.
Spotlight
Beyond the camera: Why video surveillance is becoming a business intelligence tool
Dr Ryad Soobhany, Deputy Academic Head of School of Mathematical & Computer Sciences, Heriot-Watt University Dubai

Camera systems, such as CCTV, are mainly used for video surveillance within organisations. Passive video surveillance has been part of the security ecosystem for years, providing organisations with the ability to monitor different areas simultaneously, while recorded footage can be inspected after an event occurs.
The evolution of computer chips and increased processing power has led to improved image quality, including better performance in low-light conditions, particularly at night. The advent of edge computing, with processing performed on edge devices within a network, has made object and scene recognition more readily accessible. This evolution has led to more active video surveillance through video analytics, where events can be identified and addressed in real time. Examples include number plate recognition systems and facial recognition for access control.
With the combination of AI and video data, computer vision can be integrated with business analytics to transform video surveillance from a security infrastructure into a business intelligence tool. Video surveillance is moving from passively recording events to sensing what is happening in the environment. This helps to answer questions such as which areas are congested, how customers are moving, how long they dwell in particular areas, and whether unusual events are occurring. Businesses can use this data to optimise their operations, such as improving the customer checkout process, monitoring asset or staff movement, and managing crowds or traffic flows. Organisations can also incorporate contextual business information to enhance the analytics by combining behavioural data with CRM or IoT data, providing additional context and insights for decision-making and improving the customer or visitor experience.
Video surveillance can be used to optimise operations, improve customer experiences, and support strategic decision-making across industries. Video itself does not create business intelligence; rather, its value increases when visual information is combined with other operational and contextual data, while computer vision is used to understand and enhance business operations. The pipeline from video to business intelligence can be represented as obtaining data from video sources such as fixed cameras, IoT-enabled cameras, or robots. Computer vision is then applied to the video to detect or track people, objects of interest, or activities. Behavioural data are taken into account, such as customer dwell time in particular product areas, occupancy of rooms or halls, movement of people across a building, and anomalies in behaviour. At this stage, operational data are also considered. The final stage is the business intelligence stage, where trends are identified and insights are inferred. At this stage, data visualisation plays an important role, with dashboards and data storytelling displaying correlations, predictions, and infographics that provide more than simple visual summaries of surveillance data. The camera becomes an operational sensor for the organisation. The important transformation occurs when visual data are combined with business data, such as sales, operational, and IoT data, to convert visual observations into business knowledge that informs operational, tactical, and strategic decision-making within an organisation.
The levels of business intelligence can be viewed as three analytical capabilities: descriptive intelligence, diagnostic intelligence, and combined predictive and prescriptive intelligence. Descriptive intelligence usually addresses what is happening. Visual analytics can identify footfall, occupancy, queue length, waiting time, dwell time, traffic flow, movement patterns, and detected events. Visualisation dashboards can present these indicators in real time or over historical periods, allowing managers to understand the current state of an operation. For example, a museum dashboard can show heat maps of visitor numbers, dwell time, and movement across different exhibition areas, while analysing visitor behaviour and providing insights into the optimal placement of exhibitions. An airport dashboard could display passenger volumes and queue lengths across terminals.
Tech Features
The Financial Sector Facing Its Black Swan: How AI Agents Are Redefining the Industry
By Julio de Salvo, Chief Solution Officer for MENA & APAC at Globant
For decades, the financial industry has managed to replace banknotes and coins with “invisible” assets through different technological implementations. However, innovation in the sector has generally moved at a slow pace when dealing with something as sensitive as people’s finances. In 2026, the black swan is beginning to emerge: the first steps of AI agents that will redefine the industry (as they will many others). The financial black swan is not a crisis: it is a huge change. Across the Middle East and Africa, where a convergence of government-backed modernization agendas, digitally native consumers, and institutional ambition is accelerating the timeline for transformation.
The first step has been the use of Gen AI without the customer perceiving it. Coding, fraud prevention, phishing detection, and credit assessment are some of its tasks. But it is now beginning to become a tool for managing users’ finances. In the MENA region, this shift is already visible at the institutional level. Across the 25 MEA banks benchmarked by the Evident AI Index (June 2026), the established leaders are no longer running pilots, they are directing investment toward high-friction processes where AI can materially reshape productivity, scalability, and competitiveness. UAE-based banks and fintechs are already validating agent-initiated transaction pipelines in production environments. These are some of the examples, but there are more.
In July 2026, the revealing Mills Review, published by the FCA (Financial Conduct Authority), the UK’s official financial regulator, pointed out that AI agents will become the new financial interface. Essentially, an AI assistant will manage budgets, answer queries, generate reports on demand, and move money between accounts. How much was spent on a vacation in total, how a stock portfolio performed over the past month, or canceling an annual subscription will be as easy as making a query to ChatGPT today. For MENA consumers, who have in many cases leapfrogged legacy banking behaviors entirely, this vision is the baseline expectation.
The Mills Review also argues that Open Banking will evolve toward a model in which AI agents will have access to a broader range of financial products to enable intelligent decisions across different areas, and highlighted that this will lead to an evolution in regulation. In the GCC, this evolution is being actively shaped by regulators and governments alike, with initiatives such as Dubai’s target of 90%+ digital transactions by 2026 signaling not just ambition, but structural commitment to a cashless, AI-enabled financial ecosystem.
The agentic AI opportunity in the region is real, but it remains underexploited. According to EY-Parthenon’s 2025 Generative AI in Banking Survey, 99% of respondents are familiar with agentic AI, yet only 31% have pursued implementation, with a further 46% expressing interest. Awareness, in other words, has raced ahead of execution. This gap between recognition and production-grade deployment is precisely where the competitive battle will be won or lost.
This represents a major shift in the industry, where historically the leading banks have, for the most part, remained the same. Differentiation can now change everything, and it would not be surprising if new players manage to break into the ranks of the world’s most important financial institutions. In the Middle East, the region’s financial landscape already includes a new generation of digital-first challengers sitting alongside heritage institutions, all of which are now actively exploring or deploying agentic capabilities. The reason sounds obvious when explained: if the experience with an AI assistant can manage customers’ money better, it will prevail. This is not an exaggeration: just four years ago, nobody knew ChatGPT, and now we have become so accustomed to it that we all ask ourselves: why shouldn’t I manage my assets with a chatbot that can provide reports and recommendations? A study by JPMorgan found that half of Gen Z wanted to use them to manage their finances.
The infrastructure for agentic commerce is also being built in real time across the GCC. Mastercard has conducted regional pilots in partnership with Majid Al Futtaim, enabling consumers to search, select, and purchase VOX Cinema tickets programmatically through an integrated AI assistant. In May 2026, Visa launched its global Agentic Ready program in the UAE, with early adopters including ADCB, ADIB, Emirates NBD, Mashreq, Tabby, Wio, and Ziina already validating agent-initiated transaction pipelines in production.
We are living in a time of change. In its 2026 report on the financial sector, the World Economic Forum urged organizations to move with “urgency” and “discipline”. The greatest benefits, it stated, will go to those working on a holistic redesign of workflows and technology architecture. In the MENA region, the conditions for genuine transformation are already in place: strong institutional will, government-aligned modernization agendas, and a consumer base that has leapfrogged legacy behaviors entirely.
One of the major questions is why, if the financial sector has such a strong technological tradition, the emergence of AI Agents represents a black swan. There are several reasons. First, historically, customers used banks to execute transactions; therefore, in the executive conversations avoiding risk was prioritized over innovation. This is changing with the emergence of digital banks, which are generally more inclined toward disruption, and shifts in consumer habits. In the GCC specifically, consumers who bypassed branch banking and moved directly to mobile-first financial services are now primed to embrace AI-managed financial experiences with little friction. The challenge of the future is not to provide a tool, but to redesign experiences to address this transition comprehensively. AI has the potential to resolve the technological debt involved in migrating traditional banks, which have historically struggled the most with this transition.
The second reason is the technical debt banks have demonstrated in dealing with change. This has also occurred in other industries, but the idea of paying for a premium license for every employee and expecting immediate returns only leads to frustration. There is significant resistance when it becomes clear that certain tasks and workflows will inevitably be different from what has been established. In the Middle East, where several national banks have invested heavily in core banking modernization programs over the past decade, the foundations are more favorable than in many Western markets, but the final leap from modernized infrastructure to genuinely agentic deployment still requires focused capability and deliberate execution.
The third reason is regulation. Technology companies, banks, and authorities will need to maintain an ongoing dialogue to ensure that innovation and integrations do not affect users’ personal data or security, while ensuring that restrictions do not become a barrier to progress. One of the most valuable lessons from the banking sector’s legacy is the importance of being extremely careful when dealing with something as sensitive as people’s money.
For many years, the impact of AI was often explained as something that belonged to a distant future. In the financial sector, it is already a reality: it is part of multiple tasks and is beginning to become an asset in the customer proposition. With AI Agents, innovation can no longer, and should no longer, go unnoticed. New habits require the redesign of customer journeys, and this could represent a revolution for the sector. For Middle East banks, the opportunity is particularly compelling: a region where government will, consumer readiness, regulatory pragmatism, and institutional investment have aligned at the same moment. What is required now is the execution capability to convert that alignment into production-grade deployment. What is at stake is no small matter: the management of millions of people’s money and a battle for the competitiveness of banks on a scale rarely seen before. For those that move with urgency and discipline, the financial black swan is a transformation to be led.
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