As artificial intelligence becomes embedded in higher education, universities face a growing challenge: ensuring that students develop independent thinking rather than simply producing polished AI-assisted work. From rethinking assessments to preserving the value of intellectual effort, the conversation is shifting towards what Turnitin calls learning integrity.

In this interview with Amal Dimashki – Regional Director, MENAT & Pakistan, Turnitin explores how institutions can balance AI adoption with critical thinking, meaningful assessment and the development of essential learning skills.

Students are becoming increasingly comfortable prompting AI, but how can universities ensure they are still developing independent reasoning and critical thinking rather than simply producing better AI-assisted answers?

Prompting is becoming an important skill, but being able to write a sophisticated prompt is not the same as being able to think critically.

AI can be a very effective learning partner. It can help students brainstorm, explore different perspectives, challenge an argument or receive feedback on something they have written. But students still need to do the cognitive heavy lifting. If they simply prompt AI for an answer and then refine that answer until it looks better, we may improve the quality of the output without necessarily developing the student’s thinking.

This is why AI literacy needs to go beyond teaching students how to prompt. Students need to learn how to critically evaluate AI-generated content, verify information and sources, question what they are given and make their own judgments about the output. Turnitin’s guidance on responsible prompting encourages students to engage with AI iteratively and interrogate its responses rather than simply accepting what it produces.

We want students to use AI as a learning partner while remaining actively engaged in the learning process and taking ownership of the work they produce. Turnitin’s guidance to students reinforces this by encouraging them to ensure that the majority of their work remains their original thinking.

Universities therefore need to develop AI literacy alongside critical thinking and independent judgment, so that becoming better at using AI does not come at the expense of developing the skills students are there to learn.

What should a modern assessment look like if institutions want to measure a student’s actual understanding rather than just the quality of the final submitted work?

In an AI-enabled environment, assessing only the final product gives us a limited view of whether learning actually took place. A polished final submission does not necessarily tell us how the student arrived there.

This is where a process-based approach to assessment becomes increasingly important. Educators can build meaningful checkpoints into the learning journey through outlines, drafts, formative feedback, revisions and reflection. This allows them to see how the student’s thinking developed, how they responded to feedback and where they may need additional support. Turnitin’s multipart assignments, for example, are designed around structured checkpoints for guidance and reflection throughout the writing process.

At Turnitin, we refer to the broader framework behind this as learning integrity. It expands traditional academic integrity by placing greater emphasis on the integrity of the learning process and ensuring that students are doing the work necessary to learn and develop.

It brings us back to a familiar principle: “show your work.” Greater visibility into drafts, revisions and the development of ideas gives educators richer evidence of how a student approached the assignment rather than relying on a single snapshot at the end. Turnitin Clarity, for example, provides visibility into how students develop their work from ideation through to final submission.

This does not mean making every assessment more complicated. It means designing assessment around the learning objective and creating opportunities for students to demonstrate that they have developed the skills being assessed.

The final submission will continue to matter, but it can be considered alongside evidence of the learning process that produced it.

AI makes it possible to get answers, summaries and explanations almost instantly. Do you worry that this could reduce students’ ability to sustain attention, read deeply and work through difficult material without immediate assistance?

There is certainly a risk, and students themselves recognise it. Turnitin’s research found that 64% of students are concerned that the use of AI in education may be shortcutting their learning.

Learning should not become a completely frictionless process. Researching a subject, developing a point of view, articulating ideas with evidence, editing and working through something difficult all require effort, and some of that effort is where learning happens.

Turnitin refers to this through the concept of “productive struggle.” Cognitive growth and long-term retention require students to engage with difficulty rather than having every challenge immediately removed for them.

That does not mean students should struggle without support. AI can provide guidance and feedback throughout the learning process. Turnitin Clarity’s AI Assistant, for example, is designed to prompt reflection and support students throughout their writing without generating the full response for them.

As AI becomes more capable, preserving productive struggle will become increasingly important. We want students to benefit from the support AI can provide without removing the effort involved in developing knowledge and skills.

4. Looking ahead, how do you see the role of academic integrity evolving as AI becomes embedded in writing, research and learning, and what will universities need to change over the next few years?

Academic integrity will remain fundamental, but its role is expanding as AI becomes embedded in learning.

At Turnitin, we describe this evolution through learning integrity, a proactive expansion of traditional academic integrity that places greater emphasis on the integrity of the learning process. It reflects the need to understand how students are developing their work and ensure they are developing the skills their education is intended to build.

Over the next few years, universities will need to translate this into practice. AI governance needs to provide educators with clear guidance, while recognising that responsible AI use will not look the same across every subject or assessment. Turnitin’s learning integrity framework recognises a spectrum ranging from no AI in some contexts to defined AI use cases and more open use in others.

Educators will also need greater agency over how AI is introduced into teaching and assessment. Turnitin’s latest Learning Integrity Insights found that AI decision-making is moving closer to faculty and teaching and learning leaders, while educators are asking for education-specific AI that is flexible enough to reflect how they actually teach and design assignments.

Technology therefore needs to adapt to pedagogy, rather than pedagogy adapting to the technology. This is the principle behind Turnitin Clarity’s configurable AI settings, which allow educators to determine the level and type of AI support appropriate for an individual assignment.

Over the next few years, universities will need to bring these pieces together: clear AI governance, greater educator agency, assessment practices that support learning integrity, and technology designed around the needs of teaching and learning.

What could follow the December deadline is an assessment cycle, not a filing cycle.

By Manish Bansal, Associate Partner, Dhruva Advisors, A Ryan Affiliate, Saudi Arabia

For most of the past five years, inter-alia, one of the major topics of tax conversation in Saudi boardrooms has been e-invoicing. Are we on the Fatoora platform? Which wave are we in? Has the ERP been configured or do we go with a third-party e-invoicing solution? Will we make the deadline?

Those were the right questions for the period we have just left. They are not necessarily the right questions for the period we are entering.

On 29 June 2026, the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority (“ZATCA”), acting on a decision of the Minister of Finance, extended the Cancellation of Fines and Exemption of Financial Penalties initiative for a further six months, running from 1 July to 31 December 2026. It covers excise tax, value added tax, real estate transaction tax, withholding tax and corporate income tax. That much has been widely reported.

Less widely noticed is a condition set out in the accompanying guideline. If the Authority extends the initiative again past December, that further extension will not reach returns that fell due after 30 June 2026.

The Authority has not simply granted more time. It has informed the market, in advance, where the relief eventually stops. Whatever is announced in December, the clean-up window for historical positions is being drawn shut. For a tax administration, that is about as clear a statement as one can give.

What the regulator already sees

The reason this matters now, rather than in some indeterminate future, is that the Authority’s information position has changed fundamentally.

Wave 24 of the e-invoicing Integration Phase closed on 30 June 2026. Announced in September 2025, it captured every taxpayer whose VAT-subject revenues exceeded SAR 375,000 in 2022, 2023 or 2024. That figure is not arbitrary: it is the mandatory VAT registration threshold. In effect, the wave brought the entire registered population into scope.

And the direction has not stopped there. On 24 July 2026 – ZATCA published the criteria for Wave 25, halving the threshold to SAR 187,500 of VAT-subject revenue in 2022, 2023, 2024 or 2025, with integration required by 1 February 2027.

Under the Integration Phase, standard business-to-business invoices are cleared by ZATCA before they reach the buyer, and simplified business-to-consumer invoices are reported within twenty-four hours. Invoices must be issued in a prescribed structured format, carrying a cryptographic stamp and a unique identifier.

The Authority is therefore no longer reliant on what appears in a filed return. It holds the underlying transactional record, in structured form, close to real time, across the whole economy.

This is the shift most finance functions have not yet absorbed. For years, the Saudi assessment process began with an information request. In an environment of structured, near-live data, it begins instead with an anomaly the system has already identified. The taxpayer’s first substantive contact with the process is not a request for documents. It is a proposition to be answered.

Key exposure areas to be mindful of

In our experience, the following key areas could be more visible and exposed to assessment risk in the Kingdom once transactional data can be cross matched against declarations.

The first is permanent establishment risk arising from project delivery. Groups routinely deploy technical staff, secondees and subcontracted specialists into Saudi projects while treating the arrangement as an offshore supply.  Given that most KSA government portals are inter-linked, careful monitoring of in-Kingdom presence is critical, in particular, employees of non-resident companies undertaking fly-in/fly-out assignments in the Kingdom.  It is worth noting that the current tax law has no de minimis threshold for the creation of a permanent establishment.  Accordingly, even a single day of presence in the Kingdom could potentially give rise to a permanent establishment, although in practice, the ZATCA may apply a more facts-based approach when assessing whether a permanent establishment exists.

Second is related-party pricing, and here a change that took effect two years ago is still under-appreciated. Following amendments to the Transfer Pricing By-Laws, the transfer pricing provisions apply to zakat payers as well as taxpayers for financial years beginning on or after 1 January 2024, and Advance Pricing Agreements became available to both. For a Saudi family group with decades of intercompany arrangements built for operational convenience rather than for documentation, this is a material change in obligation, and one that many such groups have not yet worked through.

Lastly, needless to state that VAT audits are likely to get much more sophisticated with real time data and the data analytics and AI tools available.

What the amnesty covers, and what it does not

Many companies are counting on this window. It is worth being precise about what it covers.

The initiative covers late registration, late payment and late filing fines, penalties on the amendment or correction of a VAT return, and other financial fines imposed under Article 45 of the VAT Law, including field detection and e-invoicing violations. To benefit, a taxpayer must register where registration is required, submit the outstanding returns, and either pay the amounts due or obtain ZATCA’s approval for an instalment plan.

Two limits deserve emphasis. The initiative does not extend to penalties relating to tax evasion violations. And it operates on fines for returns falling due up to 30 June 2026.

There is also a point that no guideline states because it does not need to. The initiative waives penalties. It does not validate a technical position. A voluntary disclosure that corrects an arithmetic omission is a straightforward matter. A voluntary disclosure that reveals a contestable tax treatment is a different exercise entirely, because it puts a position on the record that will be read. The analysis must come before the filing, not after it.

Fewer than four months

For most groups, what remains to be done before 31 December is a short list. It is also, notably, not a systems exercise. The e-invoicing platforms are already built and connected. The work now is reviewing the positions those systems have been reporting all along.

Reconcile first. Take VAT/ Tax/ Zakat returns, customs declarations, withholding tax filings and audited financial statements for the open years and reconcile them against one another before ZATCA’s systems do it. Where the numbers do not tie, understand why, and document the reason contemporaneously rather than reconstructing it under assessment.

Then sort. Separate the genuine errors, which the current window is designed to resolve, from the judgement positions, which need to be assessed on their merits and defended with evidence that pre-dates the query.

Finally, treat documentation as a deliverable with a deadline. Substantiation assembled after an assessment notice arrives carries markedly less weight than substantiation prepared when the transaction occurred.

A regulator that publishes wave criteria six months ahead, that notifies taxpayers directly, that issues guidance with worked examples, and that tells the market in advance where relief will end, is behaving like the administration of a mature investment destination. That predictability is an asset for serious businesses, and it is what long-term capital looks for.

But predictability runs in both directions. The Kingdom has been clear about what it expects and when. The businesses that will move through the coming assessment cycle with least disruption are those that use the next few months to answer the questions before they are asked.

Disclaimer: This article is intended for general information only and does not constitute tax, legal, accounting or other professional advice. It reflects the tax rules in force as of the publication date, and the described regulatory landscape continues to develop. Readers should obtain professional advice appropriate to their own facts and circumstances before acting on any matter discussed.

Traders’ Hub’s Michael Barbour on investor trust, technology, and the future of finance in the Gulf.

BY SRIJITH KN FOR FINANCIAL INTEGRATOR

Over the past few years, investor participation across the region has evolved beyond speculative trading activity into something far more structured, technology-driven, and institutionally aligned. Retail traders are becoming increasingly sophisticated, expectations around transparency and execution quality are rising, and financial platforms are under pressure to offer far more than simple market access.

The speculative frenzy that once defined large parts of retail trading is gradually giving way to a more measured investor mindset, shaped largely by regulation, financial awareness, and long-term wealth preservation rather than short-term market excitement.

In this changing landscape, brokerage firms are no longer positioning themselves purely as trading providers. Instead, many are beginning to evolve into broader financial ecosystems, combining infrastructure, education, technology, regulatory credibility, and long-term investment access into a single platform experience.

For UAE-based firms such as Traders’ Hub Capital Markets, this shift represents more than market expansion. It signals a transformation in how the region’s next generation of investors may engage with financial markets altogether.

Founded in 2022 and headquartered in Abu Dhabi, Traders’ Hub has rapidly positioned itself as a locally regulated, technology-enabled brokerage focused on transparency, multi-asset access, and client-centric trading infrastructure.

Today, the company offers access to more than 2,000 instruments across forex, commodities, equities, indices, and cryptocurrencies, while simultaneously preparing for a broader move into wealth management and long-term investment services.

But the story surrounding Traders’ Hub is not simply about growth.

It is also about the wider evolution of the UAE’s financial ecosystem itself.

THE SHIFT IN UAE INVESTOR CULTURE

Across the GCC, financial participation is changing shape.

The rapid rise of digital platforms, increasing financial literacy, regulatory modernization, and mobile-first investing have fundamentally altered how younger investors interact with markets.

In parallel, the UAE has continued strengthening its position as a regional financial hub, attracting capital, fintech innovation, institutional activity, and globally mobile investors seeking regulated access to international markets. This transformation has also created new expectations.

Today’s investors are increasingly prioritising transparency, regulatory protection, execution quality, multi-asset accessibility, and seamless digital experiences.

In many ways, expectations around trading platforms are beginning to resemble expectations traditionally associated with banking and wealth management institutions.

According to Michael Barbour, Head of Product Implementation at Traders’ Hub Capital Markets, these changes reflect a deeper transformation in investor behaviour itself.

“Investors increasingly seek integrated, trustworthy financial ecosystems prioritising long-term value, convenience, and institutional-grade service.”

Over the past five years, the psychological profile of the UAE investor has gradually shifted from short-term speculation toward a far more informed, disciplined, and globally aware mindset. Earlier retail participation was often driven primarily by leverage, speed, and short-term market movements. Today, however, younger investors across the UAE are becoming more research-driven, risk-conscious, and focused on long-term wealth creation rather than impulsive trading behaviour.

Modern traders are also seeking far more than market access alone. Transparency, educational support, analytical tools, platform stability, and institutional credibility are becoming increasingly important components of the investor experience itself.

FROM SCOTLAND TO GULF CAPITAL MARKETS

Long before helping shape the growth trajectory of Traders’ Hub Capital Markets, Michael Barbour’s early ambitions were far removed from financial markets.

Growing up in Stonehaven, a small Scottish town south of Aberdeen, he originally aspired to become a professional footballer, eventually playing semi-professionally before moving into finance.

His early exposure to financial systems came during the 2008 financial crisis while working within the legal and asset management sector in Scotland, assisting major UK banking institutions in managing distressed real estate portfolios during one of the most volatile periods in modern financial history.

That experience, combined with his later move to the Middle East in 2011 and subsequent years at the Dubai Gold and Commodities Exchange (DGCX), helped shape a perspective grounded not only in trading infrastructure, but in how markets behave under pressure, uncertainty, and rapid transformation.

Today, that institutional perspective continues influencing Traders’ Hub’s broader focus on operational credibility, technology infrastructure, and long-term investor engagement across the UAE market.

BUILDING A LOCALLY ROOTED TRADING PLATFORM

One of Traders’ Hub’s strongest positioning advantages lies in its status as a UAE-regulated Category 1 Capital Markets Authority (CMA) licensed broker, one of the highest licensing classifications within the country’s financial ecosystem.

In a market where offshore platforms have historically dominated retail participation, regulatory credibility has become increasingly significant, particularly as investors grow more conscious of operational risk, fund protection, execution transparency, and long-term platform reliability.

Rather than positioning itself through aggressive speculative messaging, Traders’ Hub appears to be building its identity around institutional-grade infrastructure, operational discipline, and client alignment.

Its trading environment is built around a Straight Through Processing (STP) execution model, meaning trades are routed directly to liquidity providers rather than internally warehoused by the broker itself.

In increasingly crowded financial markets, brokerage differentiation is no longer being shaped purely by leverage offerings or execution speed. Investors across the UAE are becoming far more conscious of pricing transparency, liquidity structures, operational credibility, and how trades are ultimately executed, particularly as financial literacy continues maturing across the region.

According to Michael Barbour, many investors still misunderstand how brokerage models differ operationally, particularly around spreads, slippage, pricing structures, and conflicts of interest between market-making and STP environments.

For Barbour, transparency itself is becoming a defining factor in long-term investor confidence.

Modern investors are also becoming more selective around how brokers disclose execution policies, fee structures, liquidity relationships, and client fund protections. In many ways, execution architecture itself is increasingly becoming part of the trust equation.

For regulated regional firms such as Traders’ Hub, this shift may ultimately represent a broader advantage. As investor sophistication continues evolving across the UAE, operational credibility and institutional transparency are beginning to matter as much as platform functionality itself.

FROM BROKERAGE TO FINANCIAL ECOSYSTEM

The transition from Traders’ Hub Currency Brokerage to Traders’ Hub Capital Markets reflects more than a naming evolution. It signals a broader ambition to position the company as a longer-term financial institution within the UAE’s evolving investment ecosystem.

Globally, the distinction between trading platforms, investment platforms, and wealth management ecosystems is beginning to blur. Increasingly, investors no longer want fragmented financial experiences spread across multiple platforms. Instead, they are seeking connected environments capable of combining active trading, long-term investing, financial planning, analytics, and educational support within a single ecosystem.

For Traders’ Hub, this transition also reflects an effort to solve a longstanding regional friction point: the difficulty many UAE investors face when moving between active trading and structured long-term wealth accumulation.

“The modern investor no longer wants isolated trading access. They want a complete financial environment,” says Barbour.

The company’s planned expansion into wealth management and broader investment services reflects a wider regional shift toward more integrated financial participation models.

TECHNOLOGY, AI, AND THE NEXT INVESTOR EXPERIENCE

As trading platforms become increasingly automated and algorithmically assisted, the financial industry is also confronting a deeper question: how much of investing should remain human?

Technology is rapidly becoming the defining layer of modern financial platforms, from AI-assisted analytics and mobile-first investing experiences to increasingly sophisticated execution infrastructure.

But while automation can enhance speed and efficiency, long-term investing still remains deeply shaped by human behaviour itself. Markets continue being influenced by fear, overconfidence, emotional reaction, and risk perception, factors technology alone cannot fully eliminate.

One potential differentiator for firms such as Traders’ Hub may therefore lie in how effectively they balance algorithmic intelligence with human judgement.

EDUCATION, TRUST, AND LONG-TERM ENGAGEMENT

As trading participation expands across the GCC, financial platforms are increasingly carrying responsibilities extending far beyond market access alone.

While digital platforms have lowered barriers into global financial markets, they have also intensified conversations around behavioural investing, financial literacy, emotional discipline, and long-term risk awareness.

Increasingly, sustainable platform growth may depend not only on user acquisition, but on trust, transparency, and investor education itself.

In the GCC particularly, where retail participation continues expanding rapidly, financial firms are beginning to recognise their role in shaping long-term investor behaviour and financial understanding.

THE NEXT PHASE OF REGIONAL FINANCE

The UAE’s financial landscape is evolving rapidly.

As regulation strengthens, investor sophistication increases, and technology continues reshaping how capital moves through markets, financial platforms and capital markets institutions are being forced to rethink what they represent within the broader financial ecosystem.

The company’s broader direction, spanning infrastructure investment, wealth management expansion, AI integration, mobile accessibility, and educational initiatives, reflects a wider regional transition toward more mature, technology-enabled financial participation.

 Barbour believes the future of finance will increasingly belong to intelligent platforms capable of combining technology, trust, education, accessibility, and long-term wealth creation into a unified experience.

Whether this next generation of financial platforms ultimately succeeds will depend not only on execution speed or product breadth, but on something far more enduring: trust.

And in an increasingly crowded financial landscape, trust may ultimately become the most valuable asset of all.