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Middle East’s Strategic Priorities: Economic Diversification, Visionary Reforms, and Stability

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Middle East economy

By Dr. Sunita Mathur, Assistant Professor at Heriot-Watt University Dubai

The Middle East has experienced a remarkable transformation in recent years, establishing itself as a global centre for diverse industries and sectors. Once primarily recognized for its rich cultural heritage, expansive deserts, and complex geopolitics, the region is now emerging as a dynamic and influential force on the international stage. Strategic investments, economic diversification, and a strong emphasis on innovation have fueled this evolution. This article delves into the factors driving this shift, highlighting the Middle East’s growing prominence in business, technology, culture, and diplomacy.

The Middle East’s rise as a global hub is driven by its dedication to economic diversification, significant advancements in technology and innovation, and a revival in cultural heritage, which together draw worldwide attention. Additionally, the region has made notable contributions to global diplomacy, exemplified by the historic Abraham Accords of 2020, which brought the UAE, Israel, and Bahrain together in agreement. Substantial investments in education and talent development have led to the development of human capital and the establishment of world-class universities, attracting students and researchers globally. This focus on knowledge sharing and innovation has further strengthened the Middle East’s position in the global arena.

Growth as a Financial Hub

The discovery of oil in Saudi Arabia in 1938 led to an oil boom across the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member states, including the UAE, Bahrain, Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait, driving significant economic growth. However, GCC leaders are shifting toward alternative sectors like finance to lessen their dependence on oil for environmental and economic reasons. This industry is ideal for diversification due to the substantial resources generated from oil revenues, which can be invested in financial sectors like asset management investment services, and other financial sectors. Also, the region’s strategic location at the crossroads of Europe, Africa, and Asia makes it a trade hub for oil and other commodities, including tourism and agriculture. This strategic shift underscores the region’s vision for a sustainable and diversified economic future. The GCC nations boast a debt-to-GDP ratio of approximately 20 per cent per cent, significantly lower than countries like the United Kingdom and the USA, where it exceeds 100 per cent, and Japan, where it surpasses 200 per cent. This comparatively low ratio gives GCC countries greater flexibility to leverage their GDP and secure additional investment capital.

When combined with their economic history, competitive advantages, and pro-business policies—such as low taxes and the availability of free zones—these factors enhance the GCC’s appeal as an emerging financial hub for the future of work. Recent legislative changes, like the UAE’s decision to allow non-nationals to establish onshore businesses without local partners, further solidify the region’s reputation as an attractive destination for international companies. The free zone laws in the UAE and Saudi Arabia, which designate specific areas as technically offshore, exempt companies established there from older legal frameworks. This approach enables governments to maintain critical laws while creating environments where international businesses feel more at ease setting up operations, further driving the region’s economic appeal.

Future Projections

The Middle East contributes only 4 per cent of global GDP, yet its rich cultural heritage, strategic geographic position, and vast natural resources make it a key hub for business, investment, and innovation. Historically reliant on oil revenues, the GCC nations—Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Oman—are now diversifying their economies through significant reforms. Ambitious initiatives such as Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 and the UAE’s Vision 2031 exemplify efforts to reduce dependence on hydrocarbons and build resilient, future-ready economies.

The UAE’s Vision 2031 aims to drive economic diversification and sustainable growth, targeting a GDP increase from AED 1.49 trillion to AED 3 trillion. The plan seeks to reduce oil dependence by raising the non-oil GDP to 64 per cent, generating AED 800 billion in non-oil exports, increasing tourism’s GDP contribution to AED 450 billion, and growing foreign trade value to AED 4 trillion, reinforcing the UAE’s role as a global economic hub. Furthermore, Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 focuses on diversifying the economy away from oil. It aims to boost non-oil revenue from SAR 163 billion to SAR 1 trillion and increase private sector contribution to GDP from 40 per cent to 65 per cent. The initiative includes mega projects like NEOM, a USD 500 billion city powered by renewable energy, and aims for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to contribute 35 per cent to GDP while increasing women’s workforce participation from 22 per cent to 30 per cent.

The September 2024 edition of PwC’s Middle East Economy Watch highlights two key developments set to shape the future of the Middle East positively. First, a USD 35 billion investment from the UAE has driven a remarkable economic recovery in Egypt this year. Second, the GCC’s growing prominence in the global AI landscape is underscored by robust ICT infrastructure, strategic government initiatives, and substantial capital, making the region an attractive hub for top AI firms. Additionally, the GCC is well-positioned to capitalize on AI’s economic potential by enhancing efficiency and fostering innovation across various sectors. The region’s economies are forecasted to grow at an average annual rate of 3–4 per cent through 2026.

The Middle East’s transformation from a region marked by geopolitical tensions to a global centre for business, technology, culture, and diplomacy is remarkable and full of potential. Driven by visionary leadership, strategic investments, and a focus on diversity and innovation, the Middle East is poised to significantly shape the future worldwide. As the region continues to evolve and redefine its identity, it will increasingly influence global affairs, fostering unprecedented cooperation, innovation, and cultural exchange.

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How Ruya Is Redefining Faith-Aligned Financial Services in the UAE

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ruya

In an interview with Christoph Koster, CEO ruya we dive deep into how Ruya is blending technology, transparency, and Islamic principles to shape the future of finance in the UAE.

Could you take us through the journey of Ruya and what sets Ruya’s digital infrastructure apart from other digital or neo banks in the region?

 In 2024, ruya emerges as the UAE’s digital-first Islamic community bank, aiming to integrate modern financial technology with the principles of Islamic banking. The bank’s mission is to provide ethical, transparent, and inclusive financial services tailored to the diverse needs of its community.

A significant milestone in ruya’s journey is becoming the first Islamic bank globally to offer customers direct access to virtual asset investments, including Bitcoin, through its mobile app. This service is made possible through a strategic partnership with Fuze, a VARA-licensed leader in virtual asset service provider (VASP). Together, ruya and Fuze aim to provide a secure and ethical entry point into the digital economy for all Muslims, ensuring that the services are fully Shari’ah-compliant and aligned with the principles of Islamic finance.

Could you walk us through the customer journey—what does buying or selling crypto through ruya’s app actually look like?

The customer experience is designed to be straightforward and user-friendly. Customers can log into the ruya mobile app using secure authentication methods, navigate to the ‘Investments’ section, and select ‘Virtual Assets.’ First-time users complete a streamlined onboarding process, including understanding the terms and conditions and confirming their agreement to the terms and conditions. Subsequently, customers can buy or sell approved virtual assets, such as Bitcoin, with transactions executed in real-time. Users can monitor their virtual asset holdings, view transaction history. All transactions are conducted within a closed-loop system, ensuring security and compliance with Islamic banking principles.

Unlike many crypto platforms that encourage short-term trading, ruya promotes long-term wealth building—how is this being achieved in practice?

ruya’s approach to virtual asset investment focuses on promoting long-term wealth accumulation. Each virtual asset offered is vetted and approved by the bank’s Internal Shari’ah Supervisory Committee, ensuring alignment with Islamic ethical standards. The platform discourages speculative trading by focusing on assets with long-term growth potential and provides tools to support goal-oriented investment strategies. Through community centers and customer support channels, ruya offers personalized guidance to help customers align their investments with their financial goals.

What metrics or indicators does Ruya use to evaluate financial resilience and long-term value for customers investing in virtual assets?

To assess and enhance financial resilience, ruya monitors several key indicators, including customer engagement, investment behavior patterns, portfolio performance over time, and customer feedback gathered through surveys and support interactions. These metrics help the bank continuously improve its services and support mechanisms.

Ruya emphasizes a “customer-first” approach. How are you ensuring that customers feel informed, supported, and in control of their virtual asset investments?

The bank’s customer-first philosophy is implemented through transparent communication about investment options and associated risks, educational initiatives such as webinars and tutorials, personalized support via in-app chat, call centers, and community centers, and a user-friendly app interface that allows customers to easily navigate their investment options and monitor their portfolios.

What’s next for ruya—will we see expansion into other Shari’ah-compliant asset classes such as tokenized sukuks or digital gold?

Looking ahead, ruya is committed to expanding its suite of Shari’ah-compliant investment offerings. The bank is actively working on the integration of Shari’ah-compliant stocks & ETF trading, enabling access to over 60,000 instruments both local and global as well as tokenized sukuks to provide customers with access to Islamic bonds in a digital format, enhancing liquidity and accessibility. Development is also underway to offer gold investments, allowing customers to invest in gold through the platform in a manner that aligns with Islamic financial principles. These initiatives aim to diversify investment options for customers, enabling them to build robust, ethical, and future-ready portfolios.

In summary, ruya’s journey reflects a commitment to innovation, ethical banking, and community engagement. By integrating Shari’ah-compliant virtual asset investments into its digital platform, the bank provides customers with secure, ethical, and accessible financial services. The focus on long-term wealth building, financial resilience, and customer support ensures that ruya meets the evolving needs of its clientele while adhering to Islamic banking principles.

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Al Etihad Payments Elected to PCI SSC Board of Advisors for 2025–2027 Term

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AEP

Al Etihad Payments has been elected to the 2025–2027 Board of Advisors for the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCI SSC). AEP is among the first organizations from the Middle East to be elected to this global body driven by the UAE’s growing leadership in cybersecurity and payment system resilience on the international stage.

The PCI Security Standards Council (PCI SSC) leads a global, cross-industry effort to increase payment security by providing industry-driven, flexible, and effective data security standards and programs that help businesses detect, mitigate, and prevent cyberattacks and breaches.

Hani Bani Amer, Head of Information Security at AEP, will represent AEP as one of 64 global board members. He will serve as a strategic partner to the PCI SSC, contributing industry, regional, and technical expertise to support the Council’s mission of enhancing global payment security. The PCI SSC Board of Advisors plays a vital role in guiding the Council’s priorities and standard-setting initiatives. Members provide critical insights on global payment security trends, regional regulatory landscapes, and emerging technologies.

“Being elected to the PCI SSC Board of Advisors is both an honor and a responsibility”, said Hani Bani Amer. “Through our participation, we aim to ensure that our regional unique insights and perspectives are represented in the development of global standards, ultimately benefiting stakeholders locally and internationally. I look forward to working closely with my fellow Board members to advance strong, future-ready payment security standards that address today’s challenges and tomorrow’s cybersecurity threats.”

The new Board includes representatives from 61 organizations, reflecting the PCI SSC’s commitment to global inclusion. Members come from a wide range of sectors, including issuers, acquirers, merchants, processors, service providers, and technology companies.

Nitin Bhatnagar, Regional Director India, South Asia and Middle East, PCI Security Standards Council said, “Al Etihad Payments’ participation on the new 2025-2027 board of advisors from the Middle East (UAE) region is a critical voice that will help ensure greater regional input into our payment security standards, providing even more opportunities for discussion and collaboration with some of the most innovative voices in our industry. 

This term, in acknowledgment of the payments industry‘s ever-changing needs, the Board of Advisors has been expanded to a record 64 stakeholders, providing the Council with a broader range of views. The Board of Advisors will also be responsible for voting on new standards and major revisions to existing standards prior to their release. We are thrilled to welcome Al Etihad Payments to the newly elected 2025-2027 Board of Advisors.”

AEP continues to play a key role in advancing the UAE’s digital economy through initiatives such as Aani, the real-time payments platform, and Jaywan, the domestic card scheme. AEP is building a secure, resilient, and inclusive payments ecosystem. Both platforms are designed to meet local market needs while embedding global best practices for data protection and transaction security. By joining the PCI SSC Board of Advisors, AEP strengthens its commitment to adopting and shaping industry-driven, flexible, and effective security standards that safeguard sensitive payment data across every layer of the digital payments journey from cards to real-time transfers.

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Venture Debt Finds a New Home in the Middle East: Stride Ventures Doubles Down on Saudi Arabia

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Stride Ventures

In a striking signal of the Middle East’s rapid financial maturation, Stride Ventures has announced significant expansion of its presence across the Gulf Cooperation Council- with Saudi Arabia at the epicentre of its ambitions. The move, which includes doubling its local team and opening a second regional office, is emblematic of a broader shift: the Kingdom is not just attracting capital, but fundamentally redefining the region’s approach to startup financing.

Stride Ventures’ announcement coincides with the publication of the inaugural Global Venture Debt Report 2025, produced by team Stride in partnership with global consultancy Kearney. The report paints a compelling picture: while the global venture debt market has grown at a robust 14% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over the past five years, the GCC—led by Saudi Arabia—has outpaced this by a factor of nearly four, clocking an extraordinary 54% CAGR. The regional venture debt market reached $500 million in 2024, up from a mere $60 million in 2020, underscoring both the scale and speed of change.

Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, a sweeping reform agenda aimed at diversifying the economy away from hydrocarbons, is at the heart of this transformation. The government’s proactive stance is evident in initiatives such as the Jada Fund of Funds (with $1.07 billion in assets under management), and strategic partnerships with global asset managers including Goldman Sachs and Franklin Templeton. Meanwhile, Abu Dhabi’s ADGM and Abu Dhabi’s Hub71 are providing the regulatory and infrastructural backbone for private credit and venture activity across the region.

Traditional banks in the GCC have long been risk-averse, often shying away from lending to early-stage, asset-light startups. Venture debt- a non-dilutive, flexible, and tailored to the needs of high-growth companies- has stepped into this void. The region’s fintech and e-commerce champions, such as Tabby and Tamara, have already closed venture debt deals exceeding $100 million each, providing a template for other sectors including logistics, healthtech, and climate tech.

Stride’s expansion is timed to capture this momentum. The firm has increased its GCC team by over 60% in the past year, with a stated goal of tripling its regional assets under management by 2026. Stride is targeting a half a billion dollar commitment in the region over the next three to five years, while its latest fund has already attracted strong investor interest- on track to be oversubscribed within just a few months.

Stride Ventures now boasts an active investment pipeline of up to $110 million across the region, with an average cheque size of $10 million per transaction. This robust pipeline signals both the scale of opportunity and the growing appetite among Middle Eastern founders for strategic, founder-friendly debt capital. Stride’s approach- offering sizable and flexible financing to ambitious startups- positions it as a critical enabler of the region’s next wave of unicorns.

Perhaps most telling is the influx of global talent. Senior executives from Silicon Valley, London, and Singapore are relocating to Riyadh, lured by the region’s capital abundance and policy stability. “Saudi Arabia is shaping the future of venture capital and private credit with intention and scale,” says Fariha Ansari Javed, Partner at Stride Ventures. “We are seeing a new generation of founders who understand the value of non-dilutive capital to scale responsibly and an equally ambitious set of investors in the region ready to fuel their growth”

The implications are profound. The Middle East, long seen as a passive capital provider, is repositioning itself as an active hub for innovation finance. As Fariha puts it: “Saudi Arabia is moving from being a capital source to becoming a capital magnet. Stride is proud to be part of this next chapter.”

The question now is not whether venture debt will take root in the GCC, but rather how quickly it will scale- and how the region’s regulatory and institutional frameworks can keep pace with the ambitions of its entrepreneurs and financiers.

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