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Global Wealth Report 2024: Growth returns to 4.2% offsetting 2022 slump

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Global Wealth Report 2024

People around the world are getting progressively wealthier – and that doesn’t just apply to those who already own great wealth. Upward wealth mobility is expected to become more pronounced by 2030 and, further out, signs of a horizontal wealth transfer emerge.

In 2023 wealth growth across the world has recovered from its 3% contraction the previous year. The contraction in 2022 was largely attributable to currency effects, i.e. a strong USD. However, the bounce back of 4.2% offset the loss from 2022, regardless of whether it is expressed in USD or local currencies, and was driven by growth in Europe, the Middle East and Africa (EMEA) at 4.8%, as well as Asia-Pacific (APAC) at 4.4%. Moreover, as inflation slowed, real growth exceeded nominal growth in 2023, resulting in inflation-adjusted global wealth growing by nearly 8.4%.

Although global wealth has been on a steady upwards trajectory since 2008, the pace of growth has lost steam in almost all markets. The latest edition of the Global Wealth Report, now in its fifteenth year, highlights the following regional and demographic themes:

• In 2023, adults in EMEA were the wealthiest on average (USD 166,000), followed by APAC (USD 156,000), and the Americas (USD 146,000), but their average wealth grew at the slowest pace since 2008 at around 41% compared to 122% in APAC and 110% in the Americas in the same timeframe.

• Overall wealth has grown fastest in APAC – by nearly 177% since 2008 – and has been accompanied by significant spike in debt, which has grown by over 192% in the same timeframe.

• Although the Americas have trailed the global wealth rebound in 2023, the United States in particular have bucked the trend of slowing growth over time, increasing their compound annual growth rate from 4% between 2000-2010, to 6% between 2010-2023.

• Negative wealth growth in USD between the start of the second decade and 2023 has only been found in Greece, Japan, Italy, and Spain.

• On an individual market level, Switzerland continues to top the list for average wealth per adult, followed by Luxembourg, Hong Kong SAR and the United States.

• The biggest wealth increases in 2023 occurred in Türkiye, Qatar, and Russia, with Türkiye leaving all others behind at a staggering growth of 157%.

• Presently, the United States, followed by Mainland China and the UK have the highest number of USD millionaires, with the US accounting for 38% of global millionaires. By 2028, according to the report’s forecast, the number of adults with wealth of over USD one million will have risen in 52 of the 56 markets analyzed, and is estimated to grow by 50% in Taiwan.

• While average wealth is significantly higher than median wealth in almost all markets included in the report’s sample, the United Arab Emirates, Germany, Switzerland, Israel, and Mexico, among others, have shown stronger growth in median compared to average wealth since 2008. This indicates that adults in lower wealth brackets have seen their wealth increase faster than those in higher brackets.

• Although inequality has tended to increase over the years in fast-growing markets, it has diminished in several developed mature economies and globally, the number of adults in the lowest wealth bracket is in constant decline, while all others are steadily expanding.

Wealth mobility and the horizontal wealth transfer

According to the report, across every wealth bracket and over any time horizon, it is consistently likelier for people to climb up the wealth ladder than slip down it. In fact, the analysis shows about one in three individuals moves into a higher wealth band within a decade and over a thirty-year timespan the chance of escaping the lowest wealth bracket rises to over 60%.

Finally, roughly USD 83 trillion are expected to be passed on within the next two decades. That is roughly the equivalent of the value of all the economic activity in the global economy in a single year. An under-explored facet of this transfer is that a notable amount of this wealth will move horizontally between spouses first, before moving to the next generation. In practice, this means a considerable transfer of wealth to women, considering their comparatively higher life expectancy. Just over 10%, about USD 9 trillion, of the great wealth transfer are expected to be passed on horizontally first, most of it in the Americas.

Iqbal Khan, Co-President UBS Global Wealth Management, said: “Wealth needs careful stewardship and managing it properly needs time, dedication and passion. As the world’s only truly global wealth manager, we understand the shifts and changes in global and local wealth and translate this into opportunities and outcomes for our clients.”

Robert Karofsky, Co-President UBS Global Wealth Management, adds: “Backed by 30 years of data, the Global Wealth Report crafts a clear picture of how wealth is created, how it’s distributed, how it transforms and how it’s transferred. It gives us deep insights and understanding that we can bring to fruit for our clients.”

Paul Donovan, Chief Economist at UBS Global Wealth Management, notes: “The world economy is embarking on a period of profound structural change. Such episodes often create significant changes in wealth patterns. At the same time, wealth is needed to finance the investment in both technology and people that will allow humanity and the planet to thrive in the brave new world. Knowing where and how wealth is held is essential to mobilizing it effectively.”

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HOW GLOBAL SECURITY AND VALUABLES LOGISTICS PROVIDERS ARE ADAPTING OPERATIONS AMID RISING GEOPOLITICAL TENSIONS

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By Nader Antar, Executive Vice President and President for Brinks Global Services (BGS)

Much like a stable internet connection or accessibility to clean water, when we consider global finance we tend to take continuity for granted – until it is tested. Capital moves, liquidity flows, and billions in high-value assets cross borders each day, all with an expectation of certainty. Yet courtesy of the ongoing conflicts across the region, that certainty is being challenged in real time.

The Iran war is both reshaping geopolitical dynamics and disrupting the very corridors through which global trade and financial flows depend. Volatile energy markets, heightened concerns about broader economic spillovers, and early signs of how critical trade arteries such as the Strait of Hormuz can suddenly turn stability to systemic risk have sharpened the focus on resilience across the Gulf.

Of course, even amid these heightened tensions, the region continues to project stability, with governments advancing long-term infrastructure and supply chain strategies. Saudi Arabia’s new Logistics Corridors Initiative – which among its objectives aims to establish Red Sea routes capable of bypassing Hormuz entirely – reflects a deliberate approach to ensure the movement of goods, and especially the movement of value, remains uninterrupted.

Within this environment, the transport of high-value assets – banknotes, precious metals, and other commodities – has come under increased scrutiny. These flows are deeply embedded in the functioning of financial systems, linking central banks, commercial institutions, and global markets. When disruption occurs, the consequences extend beyond delayed shipments and can impact everything from liquidity to market confidence to operational continuity.

The question then, during a period of geopolitical conflict, is not whether disruption will occur, but how quickly and smoothly systems can adapt when it does. At Brink’s, our approach to this particular challenge is anchored in three core principles: Infrastructure, diversification, and visibility.

Infrastructure is the foundation of resilience. A globally distributed network of high-security facilities across major trade hubs ensures continuity by allowing rapid shifts when disruptions occur. Whether that is in the UAE, Switzerland, Singapore, or the United States, these facilities enable valuable commodities to be securely stored, repositioned, and mobilised as conditions evolve. In an unpredictable environment, the ability to absorb shocks and shift assets quickly without compromising security or compliance is crucial.

Diversification ensures flow flexibility. Traditional logistics models, often optimised for efficiency along fixed corridors, are no longer sufficient. Today’s operating environment demands multi-route, multi-modal strategies that allow shipments to be rerouted rapidly when disruptions occur. By integrating storage and transport into a single, coordinated system, it becomes possible to maintain continuity even as specific routes or markets face constraints.

Visibility, however, is what brings resilience into focus. Real-time monitoring across operations provides the situational awareness needed to anticipate risks and respond proactively. Through centralised platforms, our teams maintain continuous oversight of shipments, facilities, and transport networks. This level of transparency goes far deeper than simply tracking assets; it is about enabling faster, more informed decision-making in moments where timing is critical.

The UAE offers a compelling example of how these principles come together in practice. As one of the most stable and strategically positioned logistics hubs in the world, the Emirates has built an ecosystem defined by advanced infrastructure, strong regulatory frameworks, and deep connectivity across global trade corridors. In many respects, operations remained business as usual throughout these past couple of months. Yet this continuity is not accidental; it is the result of deliberate investment in systems designed to withstand disruption — even when the country found itself pulled into what might yet be one of the most consequential conflicts in recent history.

Beyond transport, the scope of secure logistics continues to expand. From safeguarding high-value assets at major international exhibitions to ensuring the uninterrupted availability of cash through extensive ATM networks, resilience must be embedded across the entire financial ecosystem. In markets such as India, innovation is also reshaping how cash and digital systems interact, creating new models that enhance both security and accessibility.

None of this happens in isolation. Secure logistics operates within a broader framework that depends on close coordination with regulators, customs authorities, and law enforcement agencies. These partnerships are essential to maintaining compliant, uninterrupted cross-border flows, particularly during periods of heightened geopolitical tension.

What we are witnessing today is a broader transformation in how the logistics sector approaches risk. The emphasis is moving from efficiency to adaptability, from linear supply chains to dynamic, interconnected networks. Resilience, flexibility, and visibility are now considered non-negotiables.

Global trade will continue to evolve, shaped by shifting geopolitical dynamics and emerging economic corridors. But one constant will remain: The need for trust. It is only with this that assets will move securely, that systems will hold under pressure, and that continuity will be maintained.

In the end, the true measure of a network — be it global finance, logistics, or indeed telecommunications — is not how it performs when conditions are stable, but how effectively it responds when they are not. 

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ROSTRO GROUP POSITIONS THE UAE AS A STRATEGIC HUB FOR INSTITUTIONAL MARKET INFRASTRUCTURE

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Exclusive interview with Michael Ayres, Group CEO & Partner at Rostro Group

What strategic factors made the UAE the next major market for Rostro?

The UAE represents a very deliberate choice for us, rather than just a natural expansion step. What sets it apart is the alignment between ambition, regulation, and execution. You have a government that is actively shaping the future of financial services, a regulatory environment that is evolving at pace, and a private sector that is willing to innovate and adopt new models. That combination is rare.

From a strategic standpoint, the UAE sits at the intersection of global capital flows. It connects East and West, and increasingly serves as a base for institutional participants looking to access both developed and emerging markets. We’re seeing a growing presence of hedge funds, family offices, and proprietary trading firms establishing themselves here, which naturally increases demand for more sophisticated infrastructure around liquidity, execution, and risk management.

For Rostro, that is exactly where we operate. We’re not just building products; we’re building infrastructure that supports how modern markets function. The UAE gives us the platform to do that at scale, while remaining close to clients who are actively shaping the next phase of the industry. It’s a market that is not only growing, but evolving, and that makes it an ideal environment for long-term investment.

How is Rostro managing liquidity sourcing in the UAE given the current market environment?

The current market environment has made one thing very clear: liquidity is no longer just about access; it’s about resilience. Periods of volatility, geopolitical uncertainty, and concentrated positioning expose the limitations of traditional liquidity models, particularly those that rely heavily on internalisation or a narrow set of counterparties.

Our approach is to move away from that dependency and towards a more diversified, structured model. We combine OTC liquidity with direct access to exchange-traded markets, allowing us to provide clients with both flexibility and transparency. This is particularly important in volatile conditions, where pricing integrity and execution certainty become critical.

We’re also seeing a clear shift in client behaviour. Institutional participants are becoming more conscious of execution quality, counterparty exposure, and the underlying mechanics of how liquidity is sourced. That is driving increased interest in exchange-traded products, as well as institutional-grade crypto liquidity, where market fragmentation has historically created inefficiencies.

By building infrastructure that brings these elements together – across OTC, exchange-traded derivatives, and digital assets – we’re able to offer a more stable and consistent execution environment. The objective is not just to perform in favourable conditions, but to remain reliable when markets are under pressure.

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FOUR DISCIPLINES UAE BOARDS NEED BEFORE E-INVOICING GOES LIVE

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Amit Dua, President, SunTec Business Solutions

E-invoicing in the UAE is no longer a distant policy idea; it is a dated commitment. From July 2026, the Federal Tax Authority (FTA) will begin the first mandatory phase of a national e-invoicing regime, with larger taxpayers required to comply from January 2027 and smaller businesses following later that year. Penalties of up to AED 5,000 per violation have already been announced for non-compliance.

This is happening against the backdrop of a fast-expanding non-oil economy. At the same time, artificial intelligence is projected to contribute close to 14 percent of UAE GDP by 2030, the highest relative impact in the region.

In such an environment, e-invoicing is not a narrow tax exercise. It is a test of whether companies can manage real-time regulatory obligations while improving the speed, integrity, and usefulness of their financial data. Firms that treat it as another compliance chore will scramble to catch up. Those that approach it as a strategic capability will emerge with cleaner processes, faster cash conversion, and better insight into how their businesses actually work.

Four disciplines, in particular, will separate the merely compliant from the genuinely prepared.

1. Start by really understanding the new rulebook

The first discipline sounds obvious but is frequently ignored: know the rules in detail. Under the UAE framework, an invoice will no longer be a PDF attachment travelling quietly from seller to buyer. It will be a structured data packet, typically in XML, and in some cases JSON, that must be generated by the supplier’s systems, routed through an accredited service provider operating on the Peppol five-corner model, and delivered simultaneously to the buyer and to the FTA.

This architecture is deliberately more complex than the old email-and-attachment world. Each invoice must pass schema checks, integrity checks, and business-rule validations before it is accepted as a tax-compliant document. The FTA will then use the incoming data stream to pre-populate returns, reconcile declarations with actual invoice flows, and flag discrepancies almost in real time.

There is also a long tail of procedural obligations. Businesses must understand which transactions fall within scope in each phase, how credit notes and cancellations will be handled, how to deal with cross-border supplies, and which exemptions, if any, apply to their sector. Beneath all of this sits a familiar but often neglected requirement: record-keeping. UAE tax law already obliges businesses to retain accounting records, including tax invoices, for at least five years after the end of the relevant tax period, with longer periods for certain assets and real estate. E-invoicing will not replace this obligation; it will tighten it, because the Authority will have its own copy of every invoice.

Companies that only half-understand this rulebook will find themselves constantly reacting to surprises. The ones that invest early in a precise, shared understanding, across finance, tax, IT and operations, will be able to design systems and processes that meet the requirements without strangling the business.

2. Redesign the systems, not just patch them

The second discipline is technical, but it cannot be delegated entirely to IT. Large and mid-sized UAE businesses typically run a patchwork of ERPs, billing engines, and industry-specific platforms. Many were built for a world where an “invoice” was whatever the system could print. They were not designed to produce standardized, structured e-invoices or to connect to a Peppol-based network in which every document is validated by an external access point before it counts.

Trying to bolt e-invoicing on to this kind of landscape in the last quarter of 2026 would be professionally reckless. Boards must insist on a hard-headed mapping of how invoices are currently created, routed, approved, and stored.

The UAE framework gives firms some architectural freedom. They can consolidate invoice generation in a central “hub” that talks to multiple access points, or they can adopt a more decentralized model with business-unit-specific systems feeding into a common provider. But there are hard deadlines. Large taxpayers with annual revenues above AED 50 million must appoint an accredited service provider by 31 July 2026 and go live with e-invoicing by 1 January 2027; smaller taxpayers follow six months later, with their own appointment and go-live dates in 2027.

Accredited service providers themselves face strict requirements on uptime, performance, and information security. Many must demonstrate ISO/IEC 27001-level controls and keep pace with evolving FTA specifications. Choosing one in a hurry, without proper due diligence on their scalability and roadmap, will store up trouble. The more disciplined approach is to treat system redesign as a staged program: clean up master data, rationalize templates, decide which systems are sources of truth and which are consumers, and only then build or buy the integration layer that connects to the Peppol network.

3. Train the organization for real-time tax

The third discipline is organizational. E-invoicing looks, at first glance, like a back-office affair. In reality, it will touch sales, procurement, operations, customer service, and even treasury. Every group that raises, approves, disputes or chases an invoice will have to change behavior.

In markets that have already implemented similar regimes, many of the worst early-stage problems had little to do with software. They arose from people trying to work around the new rules. Sales teams promised bespoke formats or unusual discount structures that the system could not express in a valid e-invoice. Shared service centers reverted to spreadsheets when confronted with a new edge case. Managers asked IT to “override” rejections to recognize revenue faster, undermining both controls and audit trails.

The UAE will not be an exception. Training cannot be limited to a single webinar or a set of user manuals. Front-line staff need to understand what makes an invoice “real” in the new world, which fields are non-negotiable, and what to do when an invoice fails validation. Middle managers need to know how to interpret new exception reports and how to balance commercial pressures with compliance obligations. Senior leadership needs a clear view of key metrics such as rejection rates, average time from issue to acceptance, and the volume of manual interventions as leading indicators of whether the new regime is bedding in or beginning to buckle.

The most effective organizations are already running “shadow” or pilot cycles, issuing e-invoices alongside traditional ones and using the results to refine processes ahead of the legal deadlines. That kind of rehearsal requires coordination, and coordination requires visible sponsorship. When the CEO, CFO and CIO jointly own e-invoicing, it becomes a transformation initiative. When it is dumped quietly into the IT work queue, it becomes an expensive troubleshooting exercise.

4. Treat data, security, and retention as strategic infrastructure

The fourth discipline goes beyond the launch date. E-invoicing will generate one of the richest, most sensitive data streams in a business. Each invoice reveals who is paying whom, on what terms, for what goods or services, and under what tax treatment. In the UAE’s Peppol-based five-corner model, this data will flow more widely than before, passing through access points and central systems on its way to the FTA.

Regulators have attempted to pre-empt security concerns. Accredited providers must meet rigorous information-security standards, and the technical specifications call for encryption, digital signatures and auditable logs. But no external standard can compensate for weak internal governance. Boards must be asking very basic questions now: who can change tax codes or customer master data; how access rights are granted and revoked; what happens if an access point is compromised or goes offline; and how quickly the company can detect unusual patterns, such as repeated rejections for a particular counterparty.

Record-keeping deserves similar attention. Existing VAT rules already require businesses to retain tax records, including invoices, for at least five years after the end of the relevant tax period, with longer retention periods for some categories. E-invoicing will make it easier to store these records in a structured way, but it also raises the bar. If the Authority holds a copy of every invoice, gaps or inconsistencies in a company’s own archive will be harder to explain.

If managed well, this new data environment is an asset. Structured e-invoice data can give leadership teams a real-time view of receivables, payables, pricing, and discount patterns across business units and geographies.

From four steps to one mindset

The UAE’s e-invoicing mandate will not dominate headlines in the way that new trade agreements or record non-oil trade figures do. Yet, quietly, it will shape how companies in the country bill, collect, report and plan. It is tempting for boards to think of it as a discrete project with a defined end date. In reality, it marks a shift to a more transparent, data-intensive relationship between business and state, one that will continue to evolve as tax rules, digital infrastructure, and trade flows change.

The four disciplines outlined here, understanding the rulebook, redesigning systems, training the organization, and treating data and security as strategic infrastructure, are not an exhaustive checklist. They are, however, a good proxy for mindset. Companies that embrace them are likely to find that e-invoicing improves the quality of their numbers, the speed of their decisions and the robustness of their controls. Those that do not, may meet the letter of the law but miss the larger opportunity.

In a country positioning itself as a global hub for trade and AI-driven digital commerce, e-invoicing is part of the plumbing. As every good engineer knows, the quality of the plumbing determines how much pressure the system can take.

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